Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake

Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake

Gifford Ferry crossing Lake Roosevelt near Inchelium; James Stripes photo
Location Washington, US
Coordinates 47°57′22″N 118°58′50″W / 47.95611°N 118.98056°W / 47.95611; -118.98056Coordinates: 47°57′22″N 118°58′50″W / 47.95611°N 118.98056°W / 47.95611; -118.98056 at Grand Coulee Dam
Lake type reservoir
Primary inflows Columbia River, Spokane River
Primary outflows Columbia River
Basin countries United States
Surface area 125 sq mi (320 km2)

Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake (also called Lake Roosevelt) is the reservoir created in 1941 by the impoundment of the Columbia River by the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington state. It is named for Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was President during the construction of the dam. Covering 125 square miles (80,000 acres), it stretches about 150 miles (240 km) from the Canada–US border to Grand Coulee Dam, with over 600 miles (970 km) of shoreline; by surface area it is the largest lake and reservoir in Washington.[1][2] It is the home of the Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area.

The reservoir lies in parts of five counties in northeastern Washington; roughly in descending order of lake acreage they are Ferry, Stevens, Lincoln, Okanogan, and Grant counties. A good indication of the extent of the lake can be seen from a map centered about the town of Inchelium 48°17′49″N 118°11′48″W / 48.29694°N 118.19667°W / 48.29694; -118.19667.

Renaming

Once the lake formed behind Grand Coulee Dam, the Bureau of Reclamation referred to it as the Columbia Reservoir.[3] In Stevens County, the Colville Examiner and other local newspapers referred to the lake as Empire Lake.[4]

On April 17, 1945, five days after the death of President Roosevelt, Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes renamed the reservoir Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake. Secretary Ickes stated this token honor recognized how President Roosevelt championed the dam and advocated the legislation to create it.[5]

Lake and lands managed by five agencies

The lake and lands are managed under the Lake Roosevelt Cooperative Management Agreement dated 5 April 1990. Per the agreement, the management and regulations of Lake Roosevelt Management Area set out in the agreement are not intended to nor shall they interfere with or be inconsistent with the purposes for which the Columbia Basin Project was established, is operated and maintained; those purposes being primarily flood control, improved navigation, streamflow regulation, providing for storage and for the delivery of stored waters thereof for the reclamation of public and private lands and Indian reservations, for the generation of electrical power and for other beneficial uses, nor it is in intended to modify or alter any obligations or authority of the parties.[6]

The National Park Service Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area. The NPS maintains visitor centers, boat-in campsites, shoreline camping, and conducts marine patrols for compliance with United States Coast Guard marine safety rules.

Bureau of Reclamation Grand Coulee Dam Reclamation has two management zones. One is directly behind the dam. It follows the log boom line from the west bank of the river to about mid-channel. Then at the Grant and Okanogan county line (in the middle of the lake) the boundary goes uplake for a short distance until it cuts across to the east shoreline. The other zone is located on the east side of the lake at China Bar, 48°49′23″N 117°55′57″W / 48.82306°N 117.93250°W / 48.82306; -117.93250. Reclamation operates a log collection facility. Reclamation captures logs and other large debris before it enters Lake Roosevelt.[7]

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Although some Washington Department of Natural Resources lands abut against Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area, the state's Discover Pass does not cover use of NPS boat launches or tribal lands and waters.

Pollution litigation

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Lake looking downstream toward Grand Coulee Dam

The lake is downstream from the Trail Smelter, and has been the subject of litigation over environmental concerns.

COMINCO's smelter deposited slag from its plant into the Columbia River, which then flowed into Lake Roosevelt. Environmental concerns were raised when these deposits were found to include mercury, lead and zinc. This discovery led the nearby indigenous group, the Colville Confederated Tribes, to take action against COMINCO and hold them responsible for degrading the water quality of the lake. The pollution raised health concerns for tribe members, who used the beaches and campsites along the river and ate fish from the river "for subsistence, cultural and spiritual reasons".[8] The lawsuit, launched in 2004, was unique in that it demanded COMINCO comply with a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) order to provide funding for pollution studies of the Trail operation. In a media statement released in 2003, COMINCO agreed to invest $13-million for studies of the health and ecology of Lake Roosevelt, as well as fund the cleanup required to rid the lake of metal contamination associated with the company's smelting practices;[9] although the company's agreement to fund the studies was well-intentioned, the Colville Confederated Tribes countered that COMINCO's offer was inadequate because it "did not meet the quality of studies and cleanup guarantees that would be required under EPA rules".[10] The case is ongoing.

The lawsuit between COMINCO and the Colville Confederated Tribes sparked more tensions between Canada and the U.S. over transborder environmental laws. As a Canadian company, COMINCO felt that their operation was being unfairly targeted because the lawsuit was ordering them to follow an American governing body's orders to clean up Lake Roosevelt. COMINCO also objected to the implication in the lawsuit that it was the only company responsible for the pollution of Lake Roosevelt.[11]

In 1994, COMINCO stopped depositing smelting byproducts into the Columbia River and in 2004 reportedly spent about $1-billion modernizing the Trail plant and reducing its emissions.[12]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ List of lakes in Washington
  2. ↑ Lake Roosevelt NRA: The Story of the Columbia Basin Project (Data on the Dam and Project)
  3. ↑ email from National Archives Denver office March 25, 2015
  4. ↑ Big Empire Lake Now a Reality, Colville Examiner, August 2, 1941
  5. ↑ Associated Press, “Lake Formed by Coulee Dam will bear Roosevelt’s Name”, Spokane Daily Chronicle, Spokane, Washington, 17 April 1945, page 9
  6. ↑ "National Park Service Administrative History". Lake Roosevelt NRA. National Park Service. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  7. ↑ Lynne, Brougher. "Public Affairs". Grand Coulee Dam, Bureau of Reclamation. Bureau of Reclamation. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  8. ↑ Geranios, Nicholas. "Colvilles sue Teck Cominco over pollution". Associated Press Newswires (July 22, 2004)
  9. ↑ Geranios, 2004
  10. ↑ Geranios, 2004
  11. ↑ Geranios, 2004
  12. ↑ Stueck, 2004

References

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