Order of battle of the First Battle of the Marne

The following units of the British, French^[1] and German^[2][3] Empires fought in the First Battle of the Marne from 5–12 September 1914 on the Western Front of World War I.

Comparative relevant military ranks

British Army	French Army	German Army
Captain	Capitaine	Hauptmann / Rittmeister[4]
Major	Commandant	Major
Lieutenant-Colonel	Lieutenant-Colonel	Oberstleutnant
Colonel	Colonel	Oberst
Brigadier-General	Général de Brigade	Generalmajor
Major-General	Général de Division	Generalleutnant
Lieutenant-General	Général de Corps d’Armée	General der Infanterie / der Kavallerie / der Artillerie
General	Général d’Armée	Generaloberst
Field Marshal	Maréchal de France	Feldmarschall

British Expeditionary Force

• Commander-in-Chief of the BEF - Field-Marshal Sir John French
• Chief of Staff - Lieutenant-General Sir Archibald Murray
• Deputy Chief of Staff - Major-General Sir Henry Wilson
• Adjutant-General - Major-General Sir Nevil Macready
• Quartermaster-General - Major-General Sir William Robertson
• Deputy Adjutant-General - Major-General E. R. C. Graham
• Commander, Royal Artillery - Major-General W. F. L. Lindsay
• Commander, Royal Engineers - Brigadier-General G. H. Fowke
• Assistant Adjutant-General - Colonel A. E. J. Cavendish
• Assistant Quartermaster-General - Colonel C. T. Dawkins
• Operations Officer - Colonel G. M. Harper
• Intelligence Officer - Colonel G. M. W. Macdonogh

I Corps

• General Officer Commanding - Lieutenant-General Sir Douglas Haig
• Chief of Staff - Brigadier-General J. E. Gough
• Commander, Royal Artillery - Brigadier-General H. S. Horne
• Commander, Royal Engineers - Brigadier-General S. R. Rice
• 1st Division - Major-General S. H. Lomax
  • 1st (Guards) Brigade - Brigadier-General F. I. Maxse
    • 1st Coldstream Guards
    • 1st Scots Guards
    • 1st The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders)
    • 2nd The Royal Munster Fusiliers
  • 2nd Infantry Brigade - Brigadier-General E. S. Bulfin
    • 2nd The Royal Sussex Regiment
    • 1st The Loyal North Lancashire Regiment
    • 1st The Northamptonshire Regiment
    • 2nd The King's Royal Rifle Corps
  • 3rd Infantry Brigade - Brigadier-General H. J. S. Landon
    • 1st The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regiment)
    • 1st The South Wales Borderers
    • 1st The Gloucestershire Regiment
    • 2nd The Welch Regiment
  • Artillery - Brigadier-General N. D. Findlay
    • XXV Brigade RFA
    • XXVI Brigade RFA
    • XXXIX Brigade RFA
    • XLIII (Howitzer) Brigade RFA
    • 26th Heavy Battery, RGA
  • A Squadron, 15th (The King's) Hussars
  • 23rd Field Company, RE
  • 26th Field Company, RE
• 2nd Division - Major-General C. C. Monro
  • 4th (Guards) Brigade - Brigadier-General R. Scott-Kerr
    • 2nd Grenadier Guards
    • 2nd Coldstream Guards
    • 3rd Coldstream Guards
    • 1st Irish Guards
  • 5th Infantry Brigade - Brigadier-General R. C. B. Haking
    • 2nd The Worcestershire Regiment
    • 2nd The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
    • 2nd The Highland Light Infantry
    • 2nd The Connaught Rangers
  • 6th Infantry Brigade - Brigadier-General R. H. Davies
    • 1st The King's (Liverpool Regiment)
    • 2nd The South Staffordshire Regiment
    • 1st Princess Charlotte of Wales's (Royal Berkshire Regiment)
    • 1st The King's Royal Rifle Corps
  • Artillery - Brigadier-General E. M. Perceval
    • XXXIV Brigade RFA
    • XXXVI Brigade RFA
    • XLI Brigade RFA
    • XLIV (Howitzer) Brigade RFA
    • 35th Heavy Battery, RGA
  • B Squadron, 15th (The King's) Hussars
  • 5th Field Company, RE
  • 11th Field Company, RE

II Corps

• General Officer Commanding - Lieutenant-General Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien
• Chief of Staff - Brigadier-General George Forestier-Walker
• Commander, Royal Artillery - Brigadier-General A. H. Short
• Commander, Royal Engineers - Brigadier-General A. E. Sandbach
• 3rd Division - Major-General Hubert I. W. Hamilton
  • 7th Infantry Brigade - Brigadier-General F. W. N. McCracken
    • 3rd The Worcestershire Regiment
    • 2nd The Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment)
    • 1st The Duke of Edinburgh's (Wiltshire Regiment)
    • 2nd The Royal Irish Rifles
  • 8th Infantry Brigade - Brigadier-General B. J. C. Doran
    • 2nd The Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment)
    • 2nd The Royal Irish Regiment
    • 4th The Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment)
    • 1st The Gordon Highlanders
  • 9th Infantry Brigade - Brigadier-General F. C. Shaw
    • 1st The Northumberland Fusiliers
    • 4th The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment)
    • 1st The Lincolnshire Regiment
    • 1st The Royal Scots Fusiliers
  • Artillery - Brigadier-General F. D. V. Wing
    • XXIII Brigade RFA
    • XL Brigade RFA
    • XLII Brigade RFA
    • XXX (Howitzer) Brigade RFA
    • 48th Heavy Battery, RGA
  • C Squadron, 15th (The King's) Hussars
  • 56th Field Company, RE
  • 57th Field Company, RE
• 5th Division - Major-General Sir Charles Fergusson
  • 13th Infantry Brigade - Brigadier-General G. J. Cuthbert
    • 2nd The King's Own Scottish Borderers
    • 2nd The Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regiment)
    • 1st The Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment)
    • 2nd The King's Own (Yorkshire Light Infantry)
  • 14th Infantry Brigade - Brigadier-General S. P. Rolt
    • 2nd The Suffolk Regiment
    • 1st The East Surrey Regiment
    • 1st The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry
    • 2nd The Manchester Regiment
  • 15th Infantry Brigade - Brigadier-General A. E. W. Count Gleichen
    • 1st The Norfolk Regiment
    • 1st The Bedfordshire Regiment
    • 1st The Cheshire Regiment
    • 1st The Dorsetshire Regiment
  • Artillery - Brigadier-General J. E. W. Headlam
    • XV Brigade RFA
    • XXVII Brigade RFA
    • XXVIII Brigade RFA
    • VIII (Howitzer) Brigade RFA
    • 108th Heavy Battery, RGA
  • A Squadron, 19th (Queen Alexandra's Own Royal) Hussars
  • 17th Field Company, RE
  • 59th Field Company, RE

III Corps

• General Officer Commanding - Major-General W. P. Pulteney
• Chief of Staff - Brigadier-General J. P. Du Cane
• Commander, Royal Artillery - Brigadier-General E. J. Phipps-Hornby
• Commander, Royal Engineers - Brigadier-General F. M. Glubb
• 4th Division - Major-General T. D'O. Snow
  • 10th Infantry Brigade - Brigadier-General J. A. L. Haldane
    • 1st The Royal Warwickshire Regiment
    • 2nd Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, The Duke of Albany's)
    • 1st Princess Victoria's (Royal Irish Fusiliers)
    • 2nd The Royal Dublin Fusiliers
  • 11th Infantry Brigade - Brigadier-General A. G. Hunter-Weston
    • 1st Prince Albert's (Somerset Light Infantry)
    • 1st The East Lancashire Regiment
    • 1st The Hampshire Regiment
    • 1st The Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own)
  • 12th Infantry Brigade - Brigadier-General H. F. M. Wilson
    • 1st King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment)
    • 2nd The Lancashire Fusiliers
    • 2nd The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers
    • 2nd The Essex Regiment
  • Artillery - Brigadier-General G. F. Milne
    • XIV Brigade RFA
    • XXIX Brigade RFA
    • XXXII Brigade RFA
    • XXXVII (Howitzer) Brigade RFA
    • 31st Heavy Battery, RGA
  • B Squadron, 19th (Queen Alexandra's Own Royal) Hussars
  • 7th Field Company, RE
  • 9th Field Company, RE
• 19th Infantry Brigade - Major-General L. G. Drummond
  • 2nd The Royal Welch Fusiliers
  • 1st The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)
  • 1st The Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment)
  • 2nd Princess Louise's (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders)

1st Cavalry Division

• Commanding Officer - Major-General Edmund Allenby
• 1st Cavalry Brigade - Brigadier-General C. J. Briggs
  • 2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays)
  • 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Dragoon Guards
  • 11th (Prince Albert's Own) Hussars
• 2nd Cavalry Brigade - Brigadier-General H. de Lisle
  • 4th (Royal Irish) Dragoon Guards
  • 9th (Queen's Royal) Lancers
  • 18th (Queen Mary's Own) Hussars
• 3rd Cavalry Brigade - Brigadier-General Hubert Gough
  • 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars
  • 5th (Royal Irish) Lancers
  • 16th (The Queen's) Lancers
• 4th Cavalry Brigade - Brigadier-General Hon. C. E. Bingham
  • Household Cavalry Composite Regiment
  • 6th Dragoon Guards (Carabiners)
  • 3rd (King's Own) Hussars
• Horse Artillery - Brigadier-General B. F. Drake
  • III Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery
  • VII Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery
• 1st Field Squadron, RE

Army Troops

• 1st The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders
• 1st The Devonshire Regiment
• A Squadron, North Irish Horse
• B Squadron, North Irish Horse
• B Squadron, South Irish Horse
• 5th Cavalry Brigade - Brigadier-General Sir Philip Chetwode
  • 2nd Dragoons (Royal Scots Greys)
  • 12th (Prince of Wales's Royal) Lancers
  • 20th Hussars
  • J Battery, RHA
  • 4th Field Squadron, RE
• Royal Garrison Artillery
  • No. 1 Siege Battery
  • No. 2 Siege Battery
  • No. 3 Siege Battery
  • No. 4 Siege Battery
  • No. 5 Siege Battery
  • No. 6 Siege Battery
• Royal Flying Corps - Brigadier-General Sir David Henderson
  • 2nd Aeroplane Squadron - Major C. J. Burke
  • 3rd Aeroplane Squadron - Major John Salmond
  • 4th Aeroplane Squadron - Major G. H. Rayleig
  • 5th Aeroplane Squadron
  • 6th Aeroplane Squadron - Major John Becke

French Armies

• Generalissimo - Général d’Armée Joseph Joffre

Fifth Army

• Commanding General - Général d’Armée Louis Franchet d'Espèrey

I Corps

• Commanding General - Général de Corps d’Armée Henry V. Deligny
• 1st Infantry Division - Général de Division Gallet
• 2nd Infantry Division - Général de Division Henry V. Deligny, Colonel Noël Garnier-Duplessix (assumed command on September 8)

III Corps

• Commanding General - Général de Corps d’Armée Emile H. Hache
• 5th Infantry Division - Général de Brigade Charles Mangin
• 6th Infantry Division - Général de Brigade Philippe Pétain
• 37th Infantry Division - Général de Division Louis Comby

X Corps

• Commanding General - Général de Corps d’Armée Gilbert Defforges
• 19th Infantry Division - Général de Division Gaëtan Bonnier
• 20th Infantry Division
• 51st Reserve Division - Général de Division René Boutegourd

XVIII Corps

• Commanding General - Général de Corps d’Armée Louis de Maud'huy
• 35th Infantry Division - Général Charles Exelmans
• 36th Infantry Division
• 38th Infantry Division - Général de Division Paul J.H. Muteau

IV Reserve Division Group

• Commanding General - Général de Division Mardochée Valabrègue
• 53rd Infantry Division - Général de Division Georges Perruchon, Général Journée
• 69th Infantry Division - Général de Division Henri Le Gros

Conneau Cavalry Corps

• Commanding General - Général de Corps d’Armée Louis Conneau
• 4th Cavalry Division
• 8th Cavalry Division - Général de Brigade Albert Baratier
• 10th Cavalry Division

Sixth Army

• Commanding General - Général d’Armée Maunoury
• Military Governor of Paris - Général d’Armée Joseph Gallieni
• Chief of Staff - Général Guillemin

IV Corps

• Commanding General - Général de Corps d’Armée Victor R. Boelle
• 7th Infantry Division - Général de Division Edgard de Trentinian
• 8th Infantry Division - Général de Division Raoul de Lartigue

VII Corps

• Commanding General - Général de Corps d’Armée Frederic E. Vautier
• 14th Infantry Division - Général de Division Étienne de Villaret
• 63rd Reserve Division - Général de Division Georges Gustave Lombard

V Reserve Division Group

• Commanding General - Général de Division Henri J.A.B. de Lamaze
• 55th Reserve Division - Général Loius Leguay
• 56th Reserve Division - Général de Brigade Théodore de Dartein

VI Reserve Division Group

• 61st Reserve Division
• 62nd Reserve Division - Général Marie F. Ganeval

Cavalry Corps Sordet/Bridoux

• Commanding General - Général de Corps d’Armée André Sordet
• Commanding General - Général de Corps d’Armée Marie E. Bridoux (assumed command on September 8)
• 1st Cavalry Division
• 3rd Cavalry Division
• 5th Cavalry Division

45th Infantry Division

• Commanding Officer - Général Antoine M.B. Drude

Ninth Army

• Commanding General - Général d’Armée Ferdinand Foch
• Chief of Staff - Lieutenant-Colonel Weygand

IX Corps

• General Commanding - Général de Corps d’Armée Pierre J.L.A. Dubois
• 17th Infantry Division - Général de Division Noël Jean-Baptiste Dumas
• 18th Infantry Division - Général Justinien Lefèvre
• Moroccan Division - Général de Division Georges Louis Humbert
• 52nd Reserve Division - Général de Division Hyacinthe C.J. Coquet, Général de Brigade Jules A.W.L. Battesti (assumed command on September 6)

XI Corps

• General Commanding - Général de Corps d’Armée Joseph-Paul Eydoux
• 21st Infantry Division - Général de Division Rene Radiguet
• 22nd Infantry Division - Général de Division Joseph Maurice Pambet
• 60th Reserve Division - Général de Division Maurice Joppé

XXI Corps

• General Commanding - Général de Corps d’Armée Émile E. Legrand-Girarde
• 13th Infantry Division - Général de Brigade Louis H.A. Baquet
• 43rd Infantry Division - Général de Division Pierre E. Lanquetot

9th Cavalry Division

• Commanding Officer - Général Jean de l'Espée

42nd Infantry Division

• Commanding Officer - Général Paul François Grossetti

German Armies

• Chief of the Imperial German General Staff - Generaloberst Helmuth von Moltke
• Quartermaster-General / Deputy Chief of Staff - General der Artillerie Hermann von Stein
• Operations Officer - Oberst Gerhard Tappen
• Political Officer - Oberst Wilhelm von Dommes
• Intelligence Officer - Oberstleutnant Richard Hentsch

First Army

• Commanding General - Generaloberst Alexander von Kluck
• Chief of Staff - Generalmajor Hermann von Kuhl
• Quartermaster-General - Oberst Walter von Bergmann

II Corps

• Commanding General - General der Infantrie Alexander von Linsingen
• Chief of Staff - Oberst Hans Freiherr von Hammerstein-Gesmold
• 3rd Infantry Division - Generalleutnant Ferdinand K. von Trossel
• 4th Infantry Division - Generalleutnant Günther von Pannewitz

III Corps

• Commanding General - General der Infanterie Ewald von Lochow
• Chief of Staff - Oberstleutnant Hans von Seeckt
• 5th Infantry Division - Generalleutnant Georg Wichura
• 6th Infantry Division - Generalmajor Richard Herhudt von Rohden

IV Corps

• Commanding General - General der Infanterie Friedrich Sixt von Arnim
• Chief of Staff - Leo von Stocken
• 7th Infantry Division - Generalleutnant Johannes Riedel
• 8th Infantry Division - Generalleutnant Georg K.A. Hildebrandt

IX Corps

• Commanding General - General der Infanterie Ferdinand von Quast
• Chief of Staff - Oberstleutnant Franz Sydow
• 17th Infantry Division - Generalleutnant Arnold von Bauer
• 18th Infantry Division - Generalleutnant Max von Kluge

IV Reserve Corps

• Commanding General - General der Artillerie Hans von Gronau
• Chief of Staff - Oberstleutnant Friedrich von der Heyde
• 7th Reserve Division - Generalleutnant Bogislav Graf von Schwerin
• 22nd Reserve Division - Generalleutnant Otto Riemann

II Cavalry Corps

• Commanding General - General der Kavallerie Georg von der Marwitz
• 2nd Cavalry Division - Generalleutnant Friedrich Freiherr von Krane
• 4th Cavalry Division - Generalleutnant Otto von Garnier
• 9th Cavalry Division - Generalmajor Eberhard Graf von Schmettow

Second Army

• Commanding General - Generaloberst Karl von Bülow
• Chief of Staff - Generalleutnant Ernst Otto von Lauenstein

Guards Corps

• Commanding General - General der Infanterie Karl von Plettenberg
• Chief of Staff - Oberstleutnant Friedrich Graf von der Schulenburg
• 1st Guards Infantry Division - Generalleutnant Oskar von Hutier
• 2nd Guards Infantry Division - Generalleutnant Arnold von Winckler

VII Corps

• Commanding General - General der Kavallerie Karl von Einem
• Chief of Staff - Oberst Hans von Wolff
• 13th Infantry Division - Generalleutnant Kurt von dem Borne
• 14th Infantry Division - Generalleutnant Friedrich Fleck

X Corps

• Commanding General - General der Infanterie Otto von Emmich
• Chief of Staff - Oberst Gustav Freiherr von der Wenge Graf von Lambsdorff
• 19th Infantry Division - Generalleutnant Max P.O. Hofmann
• 20th Infantry Division - Generalleutnant Alwin Schmundt

X Reserve Corps

• Commanding General - General der Infanterie Johannes von Eben
• Chief of Staff - Oberstleutnant Max Hoffmann von Waldau
• 2nd Guards Reserve Division - Generalleutnant Richard Freiherr von Süsskind-Schwendi
• 19th Reserve Division - General der Infanterie Max von Bahrfeldt

I Cavalry Corps

• Commanding General - Generalleutnant Manfred von Richthofen
• Guards Cavalry Division - Generalleutnant Adolph von Storch
• 5th Cavalry Division - Generalleutnant Karl von Ilsemann

Third Army

• Commanding General - Generaloberst Max Freiherr von Hausen
• Chief of Staff - Generalmajor Ernst von Hoeppner
• Quartermaster-General - Generalmajor von Leuthold
• Chief Engineer - Generalmajor Franz Adams

XII (1st Royal Saxon) Corps

• Commanding General - General der Infanterie Karl d'Elsa
• Chief of Staff - Oberstleutnant von Eulitz
• 23rd Infantry Division
  • 45th Brigade
    • 100th Life-Grenadiers
    • 101st Grenadiers
  • 46th Brigade
    • 108th Schützen
    • 182nd Infantry
  • 23rd Field Artillery Brigade
    • 12th Field Artillery
    • 48th Field Artillery
  • 20th Hussars
  • 1st Company, 12th Pioneer Btln.
• 32nd Infantry Division
  • 63rd Brigade
    • 102nd Infantry
    • 103rd Infantry
    • 12th Jäger Btln.
  • 64th Brigade
    • 177th Infantry
    • 178th Infantry
  • 32nd Field Artillery Brigade
    • 28th Field Artillery
    • 64th Field Artillery
  • 18th Hussars
  • 2nd Company, 12th Pioneer Btln.
  • 3rd Company, 12th Pioneer Btln.
• 1st Btln., 19th Field Artillery
• 29th Aviation Detachment

XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Corps

• Commanding General - General der Kavallerie Maximilian von Laffert
• Chief of Staff - Oberstleutnant Frotscher
• 24th Infantry Division
  • 47th Brigade
    • 139th Infantry
    • 179th Infantry
    • 13th Jäger Btln.
  • 48th Brigade
    • 106th Infantry
    • 107th Infantry
  • 24th Field Artillery Brigade
    • 76th Field Artillery
    • 77th Field Artillery
  • 18th Uhlans
  • 1st Company, 22nd Pioneer Btln.
• 40th Infantry Division
  • 88th Brigade
    • 104th Infantry
    • 181st Infantry
  • 89th Brigade
    • 133rd Infantry
    • 134th Infantry
  • 40th Field Artillery Brigade
    • 32nd Field Artillery
    • 68th Field Artillery
  • 19th Hussars
  • 2nd Company, 22nd Pioneer Btln.
  • 3rd Company, 22nd Pioneer Btln.
• 2nd Btln., 19th Field Artillery
• 24th Aviation Detachment

XII (Royal Saxon) Reserve Corps

• Commanding General - General der Artillerie Hans von Kirchbach
• Chief of Staff - Oberstleutnant von Koppenfels
• 23rd Reserve Division
  • 45th Reserve Brigade
    • 100th Reserve Infantry
    • 101st Reserve Infantry
    • 12th Reserve Jäger Btln.
  • 46th Reserve Brigade
    • 102nd Reserve Infantry
    • 103rd Reserve Infantry
  • 23rd Reserve Field Artillery
  • Saxon Reserve Hussars
  • 4th Company, 12th Reserve Pioneer Btln.
• 24th Reserve Division
  • 47th Reserve Brigade
    • 104th Reserve Infantry
    • 106th Reserve Infantry
    • 13th Reserve Jäger Btln.
  • 48th Reserve Brigade
    • 107th Reserve Infantry
    • 133rd Reserve Infantry
  • 24th Reserve Field Artillery
  • Saxon Reserve Uhlans
  • 1st Company, 12th Reserve Pioneer Btln.
  • 2nd Company, 12th Reserve Pioneer Btln.

Army Troops

• 3rd (Mortar) Btln., 19th Field Artillery
• 23rd Pioneers
• 22nd Aviation Detachment
• 47th Mixed Landwehr Brigade
  • 104th Landwehr Infantry
  • 106th Landwehr Infantry
  • 2nd Landwehr Cavalry Squadron
  • Landwehr Artillery Battery

See also

• British Expeditionary Force order of battle (1914)

References

1. ↑ "ORDER OF BATTLE OF THE FRENCH ARMY, AUGUST 1914". Orbat.com. 2001-08-12. Retrieved 2010-12-14. 
2. ↑ "German Army Corps 1914". 2003. Retrieved 2010-12-14. 
3. ↑ "The Prussian Machine - German Army 1914-18". 
4. ↑ for cavalry and aviation
5. ↑ Nafziger, George. "French Forces Battle of the Marne August 28-29 1914" (PDF). U.S Army Combined Arms Research Library. 
6. ↑ Nafziger, George. "German Forces Battle of the Marne 28-29 August 1914" (PDF). U.S Army Combined Arms Research Library. Retrieved 13 January 2016. 

Sources

• Ian Sumner "The First Battle of the Marne 1914" Osprey Publishing (May 25, 2010) ISBN 1-84603-502-3
• Asprey R. B. The First Battle of the Marne W&N 1962
• Cassar, George. Kitchener's War: British Strategy from 1914 to 1916. Brassey's Inc. Washington 2004. ISBN 1-57488-708-4
• Evans, M. M. (2004). Battles of World War I. Select Editions. ISBN 1-84193-226-4.
• Isselin, Henri. The Battle of the Marne. London: Elek Books, 1965. (Translation of La Bataille de la Marne, published by Editions B. Arthaud, 1964.)
• Michelin Guide The Marne Battle-Fields (1914) 1925
• Perris, George Herbert. The Battle of the Marne. London: Methuen, 1920.
• Porch, Douglas. The March to the Marne: The French Army, 1870–1914 (Cambridge, 1981 / 2003).
• Tuchman, Barbara. The Guns of August. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1962.
• von Hausen, Max. Erinnerungen an den Marnefeldzug 1914. (Translation: "Reminiscences of the Marne Campaign 1914") Dresden: K.F. Koehler, 1920.