Farwana
| Farwana | |
|---|---|
  Farwana | |
| Arabic | فرونه |
| Also spelled | Khirbet Farwana, Rohob, Rehob, Tel Rehov |
| Subdistrict | Baysan |
| Coordinates | 32°27′47″N 35°29′37″E / 32.46306°N 35.49361°ECoordinates: 32°27′47″N 35°29′37″E / 32.46306°N 35.49361°E |
| Palestine grid | 196/207 |
| Population | 330[1][2] (1945) |
| Area | 4,996[1] dunams |
| Date of depopulation | 11 May 1948[3] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces |
| Current localities | Rechov |
Farwana (Arabic: فرونه) was a Palestinian village, located 4.5 kilometers (2.8 mi) south of Bisan, depopulated in 1948.
History
Identified with the ancient city of Rehov, extant during Egyptian rule over Canaan in the second millennium BCE, archaeological sites located on the former village's lands include Tell es-Sarem (i.e. Tel Rehov)[4] and the remains of a synagogue from the third century CE.[5]
Identification of Tel Rehov with the Rehob of the Egyptian texts was based on the preservation of the name at the nearby Islamic holy tomb of esh-Sheikh er-Rihab (1 kilometer to the south of the tel) and the existence of the ruins of a Byzantine era Jewish town of the same name (Rohob), 1 kilometer northwest of Tel Rehov, mentioned by Eusebius as being in the fourth mile from Bisan.[4] Khirbet Farwana (Khirbet meaning "site of ruins" in Arabic) is also associated with Rohob.[4]
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted in Mandatory Palestine authorities, Farwaneh had a population of 84 Muslims,[6] increasing in the 1931 census to 286, still all Muslims, in 72 houses.[7]
In 1945, the population was 330 Muslims, with a total of 4,996 dunams of land.[1][2] Of this, 42 dunams were for plantations or irrigable land, 3,847 for cereals,[8] while 11 were built-up (urban) land.[9]
1948 war and its aftermath
Farwana had a population of over 300 people when it was depopulated in the lead up to the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.[5] Its Arab inhabitants, along with those of the neighbouring village of al-Ashrafiyya fled to Jordan with the approach of the pre-state Israeli forces of the Golani Brigade during Operation Gideon on 11 May 1948.[5][10] The following day, the more than 72 houses that made up the village were completely destroyed.[5] Farwana's inhabitants never returned to the village, and they and their descendants make up one small part of the current population of more than 4 million Palestinian refugees worldwide.
The Jewish localities of Rechov, Chawwat Eden, and Ein HaNatziv were established on the former lands of Farwana.[5]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 43
- 1 2 Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 6
- ↑ Morris, 2004, p. xvii village #128. Also give cause for depopulation
- 1 2 3 Amihai Mazar (1999). "The 1997-1998 Excavations at Tel Rehov: Preliminary Report". Israel Exploration Journal. 49: 1–42.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Khalidi, 1992, pp. 46-47
- ↑ Barron, 1923, Table IX, p. 31
- ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 78
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 84
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 134
- ↑ Morris, 2004, p. 227
Bibliography
- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, Herbert H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- Hadawi, Sami (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre.
- Khalidi, Walid (1992). All That Remains:The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
External links
- Welcome To Farwana
- Survey of Western Palestine, map 9: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Farwana, from Khalil Sakakini Cultural Centre
