Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Extramedullary hematopoiesis refers to hematopoiesis occurring outside of the medulla of the bone (bone marrow).[1]
In some cases, it may be physiologic. For example, during fetal development, hematopoiesis occurs at many different locations, such as the liver and spleen.[2]
However, it is more frequently associated with pathologic processes. For example, it can be caused by myelofibrosis,[3] after fibrotic changes within the bone marrow "crowd out" hematopoietic cells, causing them to migrate to other sites such as the liver and spleen.[4]
Thalassemias, the deficiency of the alpha and beta chains genes, cause extramedullary hematopoiesis. symptoms include frontal bossing and malar (zygomatic bone/cheek) prominence.
It can sometimes be identified via computed tomography.[5]
See also
References
- ↑ Birbrair, Alexander; Frenette, Paul S. (2016-03-01). "Niche heterogeneity in the bone marrow". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: n/a–n/a. doi:10.1111/nyas.13016. ISSN 1749-6632.
- ↑ Colville J (2000). "Hematopoiesis". Human Hematology (Microbiology 435). North Dakota State University. Archived from the original on December 13, 2008.
- ↑ Chunduri S, Gaitonde S, Ciurea SO, Hoffman R, Rondelli D (October 2008). "Pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis in patients with myelofibrosis undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Can induce penile lesions.". Haematologica. 93 (10): 1593–5. doi:10.3324/haematol.13203. PMID 18641018.
- ↑ Birbrair, Alexander; Frenette, Paul S. (2016-03-01). "Niche heterogeneity in the bone marrow". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: n/a–n/a. doi:10.1111/nyas.13016. ISSN 1749-6632.
- ↑ Marchiori E, Escuissato DL, Irion KL, et al. (October 2008). "Extramedullary hematopoiesis: findings on computed tomography scans of the chest in 6 patients". J Bras Pneumol. 34 (10): 812–6. PMID 19009214.
- Ng CS, Wan S, Lee TW, Sihoe AD, Wan IY, Arifi AA, Yim AP (May 2002). "Video-assisted thoracic surgery for mediastinal extramedullary haematopoiesis". Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 84 (3): 161–3. PMC 2503808. PMID 12092864.
External links
- Berkmen YM, Zalta BA (December 2007). "Case 126: extramedullary hematopoiesis". Radiology. 245 (3): 905–8. doi:10.1148/radiol.2453040715. PMID 18024458.