Euphrates-class troopship

HMS Jumna
Class overview
Name:	Euphrates-class troopship
Operators:	Royal Navy
Built:	1865 – 1867
In service:	1866 – 1922
Completed:	5
Retired:	5
General characteristics
Type:	Troopship
Displacement:	6,211 long tons (6,310.7 t)
Tons burthen:	4,206 bm Malabar: 4,189 bm
Length:	360 ft (109.7 m) (overall)
Beam:	49 ft 1.5 in (15.0 m)
Depth of hold:	22 ft 4 in (6.81 m)
Installed power:	Nominal: 700hp Indicated: Approx 4,000 ihp (3,000 kW) to 5,000 ihp (3,700 kW)[1]
Propulsion:	As built: 2-cylinder horizontal single-expansion trunk engine Single screw Except Serapis: 4-cylinder horizontal compound-expansion engine Single screw
Sail plan:	Barque
Speed:	11 kn (20 km/h) to 15 kn (28 km/h)
Armament:	Three 4-pounder guns

The Euphrates class was a five-ship class of iron screw troopships built for the Royal Navy during the 1860s. They were used for carrying troops to India, with two of them being later hulked and surviving into the early 20th Century.

Design

The Crimean War and Indian Mutiny in the 1850s both required that large numbers of troops be moved across the globe at short notice. Although for both these conflicts commercial shipping companies were able to fulfil all the immediate requirements, it became apparent that there were severe handicaps to the system; in particular the availability of commercial shipping for trooping could not be guaranteed. It was decided to set up a regular service of Government transports and the Navy was ordered to build five specially-designed troopships.^[2]

With the Suez Canal due to be opened in 1869, the class was designed within the constraints of the new waterway. Designed to carry an entire battalion of infantry, the result was a magnificent barque-rigged steamer of considerable size; with a top speed of 15 knots, and able to take the direct route via the Suez Canal, they were able to reduce the length of the voyage significantly, but perhaps more importantly, the uncertainty in the time needed to make the journey round the Cape of Good Hope was also reduced. ^[2]

The five ships were ordered from various British shipbuilders, with Malabar being built to a slightly different and smaller design.^[1] They were lightly armed with three 4-pounder guns, and were initially fitted with a single-expansion trunk engine (except Serapis) and single screw, producing 700 nhp.^[1] However the engines were refitted on all of these ships during their active careers. Serapis was completed with a 4-cylinder horizontal compound-expansion engine, but was re-engined in 1869 with a 2-cylinder single expansion engine.^[1] Jumna's engines were originally 3-cylinder versions, and were modified to the compound type in 1873. The two-cylinder engines of Euphrates and Malabar were also replaced with compound engines in 1873. Crocodile was also re-engined, albeit somewhat later than her sisters.^{[1][Note 1]}

Career

The ships spent most of their active careers conveying British troops to and from the Indian subcontinent, although other voyages were made, most notably to Canada. Obsolete by the mid-1890s, Serapis, Euphrates and Crocodile were sold for breaking up.^[1] Malabar became a base ship at Bermuda in 1897, and was renamed HMS Terror in 1901. She was put on the disposal list in 1914 and was sold off in 1918,^[3] while Jumna survived as a coal hulk, eventually being sold off in 1922.^[1][4]

Jumna, Malabar and Euphrates at Bombay c.1880. The vessel on the extreme left is HMS Orontes

Ships

Notes

References

• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475. 
• Lyon, David and Winfield, Rif, The Sail and Steam Navy List, All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815-1889, pub Chatham, 2004, ISBN 1-86176-032-9

External links

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