Eparchy of Križevci (Eastern Catholic)

The Eparchy of Križevci is part of the Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro, an Eastern Catholic Church sui iuris of the Byzantine Rite which is in full union with the Roman Catholic Church.^[1]

It spans the former Yugoslav republics of Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. It mostly gathers its faithful among ethnic Croats in central and eastern Croatia, and among the Rusyns in eastern Slavonia and Vojvodina, with a small Serbian minority.

The liturgy is the Slavonic form of the Byzantine Rite, using the Old Church Slavonic language and the Cyrillic alphabet.

The eparchy of Križevci is currently headed by Bishop Nikola Kekić (appointed 2009).

Background

The Ottoman wars in Europe caused a number of Christian refugees, Orthodox Serbs, to migrate to the Military Frontier of the Habsburg Monarchy (in south-central Croatia and in most of Slavonia) during the 16th and 17th centuries. In particular after the Ottoman defeat in Battle of Sisak of 1593, the Habsburg tried to established an ecclesiastical jurisdiction in full communion with Rome and separated from the Serbian Orthodox Church. After negotiations, it was decided to establish a Byzantine Rite episcopacy based in the monastery of Marča (located near Ivanić Grad).

This bishopric was formally erected by Pope Paul V on 21 November 1611 with the decree Divinae Majestatis arbitrio, and the eparchs (bishops) bore the title Episcopus Platæensis (from Plataea, the titular see they were assigned to^[2]), while the Habsburg government called this see Episcopatus Svidnicensis or Episcopatus Maciensum (Eparchy of Marča).^[3][4] After the death in 1630 of the first eparch (bishop), Simeon Vratanja, and in 1628 of the Latin Bishop of Zagreb, Petar Dimitrović, the eparchy came into conflict with the Latins and in 1671 bishop Pavle Zorčić accepted for himself and his successors the position of vicar-general of the Latin bishops of Zagreb.^[3]

On 17 November 1735, the supporters of the Serbian Orthodox Church occupied by force of arms the monastery of Marča and two years later, on 17 June 1737, set fire to it. The monastery was restored to the Byzantine-Rite Catholics in 1753.^[4]

History

Erection of the Eparchy of Križevci

To support the pastoral action for the Greek Rite population, the Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa realized that it was necessary to grant independence to the eparchy, and she obtained from Pope Pius VI its separation from the Latin Diocese of Zagreb, in a similar way as occurred in 1771 for the Eparchy of Mukacheve from the Diocese of Eger. Accordingly, on 17 June 1777,^[5] Pope Pius VI erected the Greek Rite Eparchy of Križevci which superseded the Eparchy of Marča. Vasilije Božičković, who played a prominent role in the erection of the eparchy, was chosen as first eparch,

Many Orthodox Serbs opposed the new eparchy, particularly the metropolitan of Karlovci, Arsenije III Čarnojević. However the soldiers of the Žumberak regiment of the Military Frontier joined the Eparchy of Križevci.

Križevci, the location of the see, is a town northeast of Zagreb. The new bishop was a suffragan initially of the Archdiocese of Esztergom, and later of Zagreb, after this became a metropolitan see in 1852.

Expansion

The Eparchy of Križevci was expanded after World War I to include all Byzantine Catholics in Yugoslavia. Owing to this expansion and to population movements over time, Križevci includes Catholics of varied national heritage^[6] including:

• Croats of Vlach origin from Žumberak
• Rusyns in Slavonia (Croatia), Vojvodina (Serbia) and northern Bosnia who had emigrated from Carpatho-Ukraine and Slovakia
• Ukrainians who emigrated from Galicia (now in Ukraine) around 1900
• ethnic Serbs^[7]
• Macedonian converts through missionary activity in the 19th century
• a few Romanians in the Serbian Banat^[8]

Since the break-up of Yugoslavia

Until 2001, the Eparchy of Križevci had full jurisdiction over all Eastern Catholics of the Byzantine Rite throughout the entire territory of former Yugoslavia, including all of its successor states: Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia. In January 2001, a separate Byzantine Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Macedonia was formed for Eastern Catholics of the Byzantine Rite in Macedonia. It was fully separated from the Eparchy of Križevci and directly subjected to the Holy See.^[9]

In 2003, a new Apostolic Exarchate was created for Eastern Catholics of the Byzantine Rite in Serbia and Montenegro, called the Apostolic Exarchate of Serbia and Montenegro. Its first exarch Đura Džudžar (Ђура Џуџар) was appointed in 2003, with residence in Ruski Krstur. This exarchate remained in association with the Eparchy of Križevci. After those changes, the jurisdiction of Eparchy of Križevci was reduced to Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia-Herzegovina.

In 2013, all Catholics of Byzantine Rite in Montenegro were entrusted to the local Latin Bishops, so the jurisdiction of Apostolic Exarchate of Serbia and Montenegro was reduced to Serbia only.^[10] Since then, Eparchy of Križevci and the Byzantine Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Serbia together constitute the Byzantine Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia as a sui iuris Eastern Catholic Church of the Byzantine Rite, in full union with the Roman Catholic Church.

Extension

The Eparchy (diocese) reported for the year 2010 a total of 21,509 faithful in the eparchy proper (including Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina) and 22,369 in the Apostolic Exarchate for Serbia and Montenegro.^[11] In comparison, the most recently published census results for the Republic of Croatia, those of 2001, report only 6,219 Croatians defining themselves specifically as Greek Catholics.^[12]

A historical trend of a sharp decline in numbers, particularly in the general vicinity of Zumberak, is explained by a number of factors including emigration, particularly to the United States (including Cleveland, Chicago and Pittsburgh), and rural depopulation, particularly in the period following the second world war.

Diaspora

The first Byzantine Catholic priest from Croatia came to the United States of America in 1902, whose work among Byzantine rite Croatians in Cleveland was encouraged by the bishop of Križevci.^[13] Another Croatian priest came to Allegheny, Pennsylvania, in 1894.^[14] Križevci is one of the four Eastern European eparchies that are the roots of the Eastern-rite Catholic Churches in the United States.^[15]

Vicariates

The eparchy is made up of four vicariates:

• Žumberak vicariate
• Bosnian vicariate
• Slavonia-Srijem vicariate
• Dalmatian vicariate, in Croatia

Bishops

The list of the eparchs (bishops) of the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Križevci is:^[16][17]

• Vasilije Božičković, O.S.B.M. (1777–1785)
• Jozafat Bastašić, O.S.B.M. (1789–1793)
• Silvestar Bubanović, O.S.B.M. (1795–1810)
• Konstantin Stanić (1815–1830)
• Gabrijel Smičiklas (1834–1856)
• Đuro Smičiklas (1857–1881)
• Ilija Hranilović (1883–1889)
• Julije Drohobeczky (1891–1917)
  • Dionisije Njaradi (1914–1917), tit. bishop of Abila Lysaniae as Auxiliary Bishop
  • Dionisije Njaradi (1917–1920), tit. bishop of Abila Lysaniae, Apostolic Administrator
• Dionisije Njaradi (1920–1940)
  • Fr. Janko Šimrak (1941–1942), Apostolic Administrator
• Janko Šimrak (1942–1946)
• Vacant (1946–1960, 1961–1983)
  • Gabrijel Bukatko (1950–1960), Apostolic Administrator
• Gabrijel Bukatko (1960–1961)
  • Gabrijel Bukatko (1961–1981), Apostolic Administrator
  • Joakim Segedi as Auxiliary Bishop (1963–1984)
• Slavomir Miklovš (1983–2009)
• Nikola Kekić (from 2009)

See also

• Eastern Christianity
• Ruthenian Catholic Church

Notes

External links

• GigaCatholic
  • GCatholic Croation Catholc church
• Msgr. Slavomir Miklovs, Vladika (Bishop) of Križevci
• Križevci (Croatian)
• Glas Koncila article (Croatian)