England v Scotland representative football matches (1870–72)
Between 1870 and 1872, the Football Association (FA) organised five representative association football matches between teams representing England and Scotland, all held in London.[1] The first of these matches was held at The Oval on 5 March 1870,[2] and the fifth was on 21 February 1872.[3] The matches, which were organised by C. W. Alcock, are the precursors to modern international football and referred to as internationals at the time,[4] but are not considered full internationals by FIFA as the players competing in the Scotland team were London-based Scottish players.[5] They were followed by the 1872 match in Glasgow between Scotland and England which is recognised as the first international match.
The last match
The 1870 match was initiated by C. W. Alcock who placed advertisements in Scottish newspapers, including the following letter in the Glasgow Herald on 3 November 1870 regarding the second of the five fixtures:
"FOOTBALL. ENGLAND V SCOTLAND. Sir, will you allow me a few lines in your newspaper to notify to Scotch players that a match under the above title will take place in London on Sat 10th inst., according to the rules of the Football Association. It is the object of the committee to select the best elevens at their disposal in the two countries, and I cannot but think that the appearance of some of the more prominent celebrities of football on the northern side of the Tweed [6] would do much to disseminate a healthy feeling of good fellowship among the contestants and tend to promote a still greater extent the extension of the game..."[7]
The first match, then, was organised by the FA[8] and resulted in a 1–1 draw. The match was delayed two weeks from its advertised date due to excessive frost which had made the ground "dangerously unfit for play".[8] Alcock captained the England team whilst Scotland were led by James Kirkpatrick.[9] The match was 0–0 when the teams changed end at half-time - a rule that The Sporting Gazette of Saturday 12 March 1870 described as new - but Scotland took a lead through a goal by Robert Crawford after England had moved their goalkeeper upfield. England fought back to score through Baker to salvage a draw before the end of the game.[8] W.H. Gladstone, an MP and son of the sitting Prime Minister W.E. Gladstone appeared for Scotland and, according to the Manchester Guardian, "did good service on the part of the Scottish team." [10]
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Subsequent matches
The following four matches were held on: 19 November 1870, 25 February 1871, 17 November 1871 and 24 February 1872. All matches were advertised in Scottish newspapers, but the players were drawn from those who played by Football Association rules - still limited at the time and largely consisting of only London-based Scottish players.[3] England were victorious 1–0 in the November 1870 match, 2–1 in the November 1871 match and 1–0 in the February 1872 match; the February 1871 match was drawn 1–1. The only recorded attendance figure known is 650, from the second match.[11] Formation data does not exist from three of the matches, but it is known that in the third[12] and fifth matches[13] both teams lined up with a '1–1–8' formation.
Results
Saturday 19 November 1870 | England | 1 – 0 | Scotland | London |
---|---|---|---|---|
Walker 10' | (Summary)(Report) | Stadium: The Oval Attendance: 650 |
Saturday 25 February 1871 | England | 1 – 1 | Scotland | London |
---|---|---|---|---|
Walker | (Summary) | Nepean 15' | Stadium: The Oval Attendance: 500+ |
Saturday 18 November 1871 | England | 2 – 1 | Scotland | London |
---|---|---|---|---|
Walker , | (Summary) | Tailyour | Stadium: The Oval |
Player appearances
The following players appeared in the five matches:
Country | Player | Club(s) | Appearances | Goals |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alcock, Charles W.Charles W. Alcock | Wanderers and Harrow Pilgrims | 5 | ||
Baker, Alfred J.Alfred J. Baker | N.N. Club and Wanderers | 3 | 1 | |
Baker, Thomas S.Thomas S. Baker | Clapham Rovers | 1 | ||
Betts, MortonMorton Betts | West Kent, Harrow Chequers and Wanderers | 2 | ||
Bonsor, AlexanderAlexander Bonsor | Wanderers | 1 | ||
Bowen, Edward E.Edward E. Bowen | Wanderers | 1 | ||
Butler, William C.William C. Butler | Barnes Club and Civil Service | 2 | ||
Carter, Thomas N.Thomas N. Carter | Eton College | 1 | ||
Chenery, CharlesCharles Chenery | Crystal Palace and Wanderers | 1 | ||
Clegg, CharlesCharles Clegg | Wednesday | 1 | 1 | |
Cockerell, JohnJohn Cockerell | Brixton Club | 2 | ||
Crake, WilliamWilliam Crake | Harrow School, Barnes Club, Harrow Chequers and Wanderers | 4 | ||
Freeth, EvelynEvelyn Freeth | Civil Service and Wanderers | 1 | ||
Hooman, ThomasThomas Hooman | Wanderers | 3 | ||
Kenrick, JarvisJarvis Kenrick | Clapham Rovers | 1 | ||
Lubbock, EdgarEdgar Lubbock | Old Etonians, West Kent and Wanderers | 5 | ||
Nash, AlexanderAlexander Nash | Clapham Rovers and Wanderers | 1 | ||
Paton, WalterWalter Paton | Harrow School | 1 | ||
Preston, Henry J.Henry J. Preston | Eton College | 1 | ||
Smith, Giulio C.Giulio C. Smith | Crusaders and Wanderers | 1 | ||
Stephenson, Charles W.Charles W. Stephenson | Westminster School and Wanderers | 3 | ||
Thompson, AlbertAlbert Thompson | Eton College and Wanderers | 2 | ||
Thornton, Alfred H.Alfred H. Thornton | Old Harrovians and Wanderers | 1 | ||
Vidal, WalpoleWalpole Vidal | Westminster School, Wanderers and Old Westminsters | 5 | ||
Walker, Robert S. F.Robert S. F. Walker | Clapham Rovers and Wanderers | 3 | 4 | |
Weston, PercyPercy Weston | Barnes Club | 2 | ||
Wollaston, CharlesCharles Wollaston | Oxford University and Wanderers | 1 | ||
Bailey, WilliamWilliam Bailey | Civil Service | 1 | ||
Baillie-Hamilton, Charles R.Charles R. Baillie-Hamilton | Civil Service | 1 | ||
Baillie-Hamilton, William A.William A. Baillie-Hamilton | Old Harrovians | 1 | ||
Congreve, GalfredGalfred Congreve | None | 1 | ||
Crawford, Fitzgerald H.Fitzgerald H. Crawford | Harrow Chequers and Wanderers | 2 | ||
Crawford, RobertRobert Crawford | Harrow School, Harrow Chequers and Wanderers | 4 | 1 | |
Elliot, Edward H.M.Edward H.M. Elliot | Harrow Chequers and Wanderers | 2 | ||
Ferguson, Harold S.Harold S. Ferguson | Royal Artillery | 2 | ||
Gladstone, William H.William H. Gladstone | Old Etonians and Wanderers | 2 | ||
Gordon, George C.George C. Gordon | Nomads | 1 | ||
Hogg, QuintinQuintin Hogg | Wanderers | 2 | ||
Inglis, John F.John F. Inglis | Charterhouse School and Wanderers | 1 | ||
Kennedy, Gilbert G.Gilbert G. Kennedy | Wanderers | 1 | ||
Kinnaird, ArthurArthur Kinnaird | Crusaders and Wanderers | 3 | ||
Kirkpatrick, JamesJames Kirkpatrick | Civil Service and Wanderers | 4 | ||
Lindsay, WilliamWilliam Lindsay | Old Wykehamists, Rochester Club and Civil Service | 5 | ||
Maddison, FrederickFrederick Maddison | Rochester Club and Oxford University | 1 | ||
Malcolm, John W.John W. Malcolm | London Scottish Rifles | 1 | ||
Mitchell, HughHugh Mitchell | Royal Engineers | 2 | ||
Morten, AlexanderAlexander Morten | Crystal Palace and Wanderers | 1 | ||
Muir Mackenzie, KennethKenneth Muir Mackenzie | Old Carthusians | 1 | ||
Muir Mackenzie, MontagueMontague Muir Mackenzie | Old Carthusians | 1 | ||
Nepean, CharlesCharles Nepean | Oxford University and Wanderers | 4 | 1 | |
Primrose, Gilbert E.Gilbert E. Primrose | Civil Service | 1 | ||
Primrose, HenryHenry Primrose | Civil Service | 1 | ||
Ravenshaw, Edward V.Edward V. Ravenshaw | Charterhouse School | 1 | ||
Renny-Tailyour, Henry W.Henry W. Renny-Tailyour | Royal Engineers | 1 | 1 | |
Smith, Arnold KirkeArnold Kirke Smith | Civil Service and Oxford University | 2 | ||
Smith, RobertRobert Smith | Queen's Park | 3 | ||
Stewart, Henry H.Henry H. Stewart | Wanderers | 1 | ||
Thompson, CharlesCharles Thompson | Cambridge University and Wanderers | 1 | ||
Reaction and the creation of international football
Following the games, there was resentment in Scotland that their team did not contain more home grown players. Alcock himself was categorical about where he felt responsibility for this fact lay, writing in the Scotsman newspaper:
"I must join issue with your correspondent in some instances. First, I assert that of whatever the Scotch eleven may have been composed the right to play was open to every Scotchman [Alcock's italics] whether his lines were cast North or South of the Tweed and that if in the face of the invitations publicly given through the columns of leading journals of Scotland the representative eleven consisted chiefly of Anglo-Scotians ... the fault lies on the heads of the players of the north, not on the management who sought the services of all alike impartially. To call the team London Scotchmen contributes nothing. The match was, as announced, to all intents and purposes between England and Scotland".[14]
Many of the players in Scotland did not play to the FA's rules at the time, inhibiting the possibility of a truly representative match between the two countries. Eventually, the FA decided in its minutes of 3 October 1872 note that:
“ | In order to further the interests of the Association in Scotland, it was decided that during the current season, a team should be sent to Glasgow to play a match v Scotland. | ” |
The challenge was eventually taken up by Queen's Park and this match, in 1872 is currently the earliest international football match recognised by FIFA as official international, though at the time it was considered as a continuation of the previous internationals.[15]
References
- ↑ "First Elevens: the birth of international football and the men who made it happen". First Elevens: the birth of international football by Andy Mitchell. Andy Mitchell Media. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
- ↑ Mitchell, Paul. "The first international football match". BBC. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- 1 2 The Scotsman Newspaper Monday 27 February 1871 page 7
- ↑ The Scotsman - Monday, 26 February 1872, page 7
- ↑ Mitchell, Andy. "The birth of international football: England v Scotland, 1870". www.lordkinnaird.com (First Lord of Football - the life and times of Arthur, Lord Kinnaird). Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ↑ Alcock's references to 'the Tweed' are a shorthand for the Anglo-Scottish border, whose eastern portion follows the River Tweed
- ↑ Glasgow Herald (Glasgow, Scotland), Thursday, 3 November 1870; Issue 9623
- 1 2 3 Glasgow Herald (Glasgow, Scotland), Monday, 7 March 1870; Issue 9415
- ↑ "The birth of international football: England v Scotland, 1870". First Lord of Football - the life and times of Arthur, Lord Kinnaird. www.lordkinnaird.com. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
- ↑ "England's 20 defining matches". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
- ↑ England 1 Scotland 0 Englandfootballonline. Accessed 28 December 2009
- ↑ England 1 Scotland 1 Saturday, 25 February 1871 Englandfootballonline. Accessed 28 December 2009
- ↑ England 1 Scotland 0 Saturday, 24 February 1872, Englandfootballonline. Accessed 28 December 2009
- ↑ Charles W Alcock, The Scotsman newspaper, 28 November 1870, page 7
- ↑ Glasgow Herald on 13 February 1872