Enborne

Enborne

St Michael's Church, Enborne
Enborne
 Enborne shown within Berkshire
Area  8.85 km2 (3.42 sq mi)
Population 735 (2011 census)[1]
   – density  83/km2 (210/sq mi)
OS grid referenceSU4365
Unitary authorityWest Berkshire
Ceremonial countyBerkshire
RegionSouth East
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town NEWBURY
Postcode district RG20
Dialling code 01635
Police Thames Valley
Fire Royal Berkshire
Ambulance South Central
EU Parliament South East England
UK ParliamentBerkshire
List of places
UK
England
Berkshire

Coordinates: 51°22′59″N 1°21′58″W / 51.383°N 1.366°W / 51.383; -1.366

Enborne is a village and civil parish, in West Berkshire, England that bounds to the east, across a road buffer Newbury. The River Enborne shares its name, although it does not run through the village; rather, it runs through and rises near the nearby village of Enborne Row. Enborne is a civil and an ecclesiastical parish in the ceremonial and historic county of Berkshire. It lost some of its eastern land to Newbury's 20th century expansion. The village name has had many variant spellings in the past, including Anebourne in 1086, and Enbourne, Enborn, Enbourn in the last 200 years.

Settlements

The parish lies immediately west of Newbury in West Berkshire, and contains the settlements of Redhill, Crockham Heath, Skinner's Green, Enborne Row and Wash Water. There is no main population centre; the settlements are scattered.

Boundaries

The River Enborne marks the southern boundary of the parish, where Berkshire joins Hampshire. The northern boundary is the railway line. Newbury lies to the east, and the parish of Hamstead Marshall to the west. The Kennet & Avon Canal passes across the northern end of the parish, together with the River Kennet.

Agriculture

The parish has always been, and still is, mostly agricultural in character, with substantial woodland and private parkland. However, in recent years, many of Enborne's former farmsteads have been redeveloped into housing.

Reddings Copse

Early records show that the at one time up to at least 16 acre Reddings copse in East Enborne was held by the family of the barons de Pinkney and was granted by them to William de Clervaux or Nicholas Aufryke.[2] By the middle of the thirteenth century De Clervaux had granted his lands in East Enborne to the Prior of Sandleford, who also acquired the lands held by Aufryke. Reddings copse belonged to one or other of these.[3] Sandleford Priory had it until the priory's property was taken over by the Dean and Canons of Windsor of St George's Chapel in the fifteenth century. Various records of the sale of woods or lease of Readings Coppice survive which indicate tenants between 1585 and 1748. In the nineteenth century a railway in a deep cutting was built through its heart and in 1996 the by then disused railway was replaced by a wider four-lane motorway with lay-bys.

Transport

Enborne is served by service 13 from Hungerford to Newbury.[16] Enborne has never had a railway station but the now-closed Woodhay was closer than Newbury's, 2 miles (3.2 km) away today. From the 1880s to the 1960s Enborne Junction marked the forking off of the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway from the Berkshire and Hampshire Line of the Great Western Railway. The now-disused DN&SR line became much of the Newbury bypass (A34) which being a dual carriageway is wider. The large environmental protection Newbury By-pass protest against its building in the late 1990s was technically in the parish.

Notable buildings

Enborne's parish church is of 12th-century origin, dedicated to St Michael and All Angels. There is a Church of England primary school, founded in the 1820s. There is also a pub, the Craven Arms, which certainly dates back to the early 18th century and probably much earlier.[17]

Enborne historically adhered to an unusual legal practice. The rights to copyhold land inheritance from a husband were forfeited if his widow remarried or was unchaste. However, the steward of the manor was obliged to reinstate the rights if she rode into the manor court, backwards on a black ram, whilst at the same time reciting a particular set of bizarre lines ending in a request for their restoration.[18]

Demography

 2011 Published Statistics: Population, home ownership and extracts from Physical Environment, surveyed in 2005[1]
Output areaHomes owned outrightOwned with a loanSocially rentedPrivately rentedOtherUsual residents km²
Civil parish94 105 25 33 2 735 8.85

References

  1. 1 2 Key Statistics: Dwellings; Quick Statistics: Population Density; Physical Environment: Land Use Survey 2005
  2. ↑ A History of the County of Berkshire, Volume 4. Victoria County History, London, 1924.
  3. ↑ Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 109 and 126, and Chan. Inq. Misc. file 147, no. 2.
  4. ↑ SGC XV.51.11
  5. ↑ Son of Gerard, squire of the Household to Henry VIII, and brother of Sir John Dannett. Probably related to Thomas Dannet, Dean of Windsor, 1481 (died 1483).
  6. ↑ SGC XV.51.12
  7. ↑ SGC XV.51.13
  8. ↑ SGC XV.51.14
  9. ↑ SGC XV.51.15
  10. ↑ PCC will, PROB 11/356/56.
  11. ↑ SGC XV.51.17
  12. ↑ SGC XV.51.20
  13. ↑ SGC XV.51.22
  14. ↑ SGC XV.51.26
  15. ↑ SGC XV.51.57
  16. ↑ Bus service 13 Heyfordian Travel
  17. ↑ Stokes, Penelope (2011). Enborne and Wash Common. Newbury: author. ISBN 978-0-9528339-2-5.
  18. ↑ "History of Enborne, Berkshire". Nash Ford Publishing. 2001. Retrieved 18 January 2010.

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