Emmanuelle Charpentier

Emmanuelle Charpentier

Emmanuelle Charpentier, August 2015
Born (1968-12-11) December 11, 1968
Juvisy-sur-Orge, France
Nationality France
Fields
Institutions University of Vienna
Umeå University
Max Planck Society
Alma mater Pierre and Marie Curie University
Pasteur Institute
Known for CRISPR[1]
Website
www.mpg.de/9343753/infektionsbiologie-charpentier

Emmanuelle Marie Charpentier, born in 1968 in Juvisy-sur-Orge in France, is a French researcher in microbiology, genetics and biochemistry.[1]

Education

Emmanuelle Charpentier began studying biochemistry, microbiology and genetics at the Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC) in Paris.[2] In 1995, she was awarded a research doctorate by the Pasteur Institute.

Career and research

After defending her dissertation, she worked at several universities and hospitals in the United States including Rockefeller University, New York University Langone Medical Center, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine (all in New York) and St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis. After five years, she returned to Europe, first to Vienna and thereafter to Umeå University in Sweden where she holds a position as research leader at the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS) as well as that of visiting professor at Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR). She is Private Docent in Microbiology (2006, University of Vienna) and Docent in Medical Microbiology (2013, Umeå University).[2] In 2013, she was appointed Professor at the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research in Braunschweig and to an Alexander von Humboldt Professorship at Hannover Medical School (MHH) in Hannover, Germany.

In 2015, Charpentier accepted an offer from the German Max Planck Society to become scientific member and director of the new Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin.[2] Charpentier will retain her position as visiting professor at Umeå University, where a new donation from the Kempe Foundations and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation has given her the opportunity to offer more young researchers positions within research groups of the MIMS Laboratory.[3]

Charpentier is best known for her role in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of the bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 immune system and repurposing it into a tool for genome editing. In particular she uncovered the mechanism beyond the maturation of non-coding RNA key for the CRISPR-Cas9 function.[4] In collaboration with Jennifer Doudna's laboratory, Charpentier's laboratory showed that Cas9 could be used to make cuts in any DNA sequence desired.[5][6] The method they developed involved the combination of Cas9 with easily created synthetic "guide RNA" molecules. Researchers worldwide have employed this method successfully to edit the DNA sequences of plants, animals, and laboratory cell lines.

Charpentier has been awarded several international prizes, awards and acknowledgements, including the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, the Gruber Foundation International Prize in Genetics and the Leibniz Prize, Germany's most prestigious research prize. Also, in the Spring of 2015, Time Magazine designated Charpentier one of the 100 most influential people in the world (together with Jennifer Doudna).[7]

Awards and honours


References

  1. 1 2 Abbott, Alison (2016). "The quiet revolutionary: How the co-discovery of CRISPR explosively changed Emmanuelle Charpentier's life". Nature. 532 (7600): 432–434. doi:10.1038/532432a.
  2. 1 2 3 "Charpentier, Emmanuelle - Vita". Max Planck Society. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  3. ↑ "Emmanuelle Charpentier - Regulation in Infection Biology - FUNDING". Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  4. ↑ Deltcheva E, Chylinski K, Sharma CM, Gonzales K, Chao Y, Pirzada ZA, Eckert MR, Vogel J, Charpentier E (2011). "CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III". Nature. 471 (7340): 602–607. doi:10.1038/nature09886. PMID 21455174.
  5. ↑ "CRISPR Therapeutics, About us". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  6. ↑ "A Programmable Dual-RNA–Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity". Science. 2012-06-28. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  7. ↑ "Emmanuelle Charpentier named in Time magazine's '100 most influential people in world' list". Umeå University. 2015-04-13. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  8. ↑ "Eric K. Fernström's Prize to Emmanuelle Charpentier". Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden. 2011-06-09. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  9. ↑ "Göran Gustafsson Prize for Emmanuelle Charpentier". Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  10. ↑ "MIMS group leader Emmanuelle Charpentier receives Dr. Paul Janssen Award for discoveries of CRISPR-Cas9". Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  11. ↑ "Emmanuelle Charpentier receives Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award". Umeå University. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  12. ↑ "Umeå University, press releas: Emmanuelle Charpentier honored with Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences". Umeå University. 2014-11-10. Retrieved 15 June 2015. (shared with Jennifer Doudna)
  13. ↑ "The 11th ISTT Prize jointly awarded to Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier". Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  14. ↑ "Foundation Louis-Jeanet: "The 2015 Louis-Jeantet Prize-Winners"". Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  15. ↑ Mary-Claire King. "Emmanuelle Charpentier & Jennifer Doudna". TIME. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  16. ↑ "Laureates 2015 – Professor Emmanuelle Charpentier". Jung-Stiftung für Wissenschaft und Forschung. May 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  17. ↑ The Hansen Family Award
  18. ↑ "YaleNews: Gruber Foundation honors excellence in neuroscience, cosmology, and genetics". Yale University. 2015-06-16. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  19. ↑ "Umeå University EC Jubilee Award 2015". Umeå University. 2015-06-24. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  20. ↑ "Emmanuelle Charpentier receives Carus Medal". Helmholtz Centre for Infection research. 2015-09-07. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
  21. ↑ Massry winners helped launch gene editing revolution
  22. ↑ "Three new members elected to the Academy". The Royal Swedish Academy of Science. 19 November 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  23. ↑ "Leibniz Prizes 2016: DFG Honours Ten Researchers". Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  24. ↑ "Canada Gairdner International Award". Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  25. ↑ Tang Prize Foundation>>Laureates>>Biopharmaceutical Science>>2016 Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science
  26. ↑ "The 2016 HFSP Nakasone Award goes to Emmanuelle Charpentier & Jennifer Doudna". Human Frontier Science Programme. Retrieved 9 September 2016.

External links

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