Embassy of the United States, Tel Aviv

Embassy of the United States, Tel Aviv
Native name
Hebrew: שגרירות ארצות הברית בתל אביב‎‎


Chancery Building as viewed from the street
Location 71 Hayarkon Street
Tel Aviv, Israel
Coordinates 32°04′36″N 34°46′00″E / 32.076667°N 34.766667°E / 32.076667; 34.766667Coordinates: 32°04′36″N 34°46′00″E / 32.076667°N 34.766667°E / 32.076667; 34.766667
Opened 1966 (1966)
Ambassador Daniel B. Shapiro (since 2011)
Location of Embassy of the United States, Tel Aviv in Israel

The Embassy of the United States of America in Tel Aviv is the diplomatic mission of United States of America in the State of Israel. The embassy complex opened in 1966, and is located at 71 HaYarkon Street in Tel Aviv.[1] The U.S. also maintains a Consulate General in Jerusalem.

History

The United States was the first country to "accord de facto recognition" to the newly founded state of Israel on 14 May 1948, immediately following Israel's proclamation of independence.[2] U.S. President Harry S. Truman subsequently announced that there would be an exchange of missions:

Agreement has been reached between the Government of the United States and the Provisional Government of Israel on the establishment of a mission of the United States in Israel and a mission of the Provisional Government of Israel in the United States. Agreement has also been reached on the exchange of special representatives.[2]

On 22 June, Clark Clifford, President Truman's aide, called James G. McDonald telling him that the President wanted McDonald to be the United States' first representative to Israel.[3] During his ambassadorship, McDonald helped strengthen relations between the two governments. For example, in 1950, the United States and Israel entered into an "Aviation Agreement" that allowed Trans World Airlines (TWA) to operate fully out of Israel and El Al to send regular flights to the United States. Ambassador McDonald hoped the signing of the first formal agreement between the two governments would be the first in a series of similar agreements that would gradually bind the two countries and peoples closer together in creative co-operative work.[4]

There is controversy surrounding the Tel Aviv location of the United States embassy because the State of Israel has identified Jerusalem as its capital, citing 3,000 years of Jewish history to buttress the claim. The United States does not recognise Jerusalem as Israel's capital.[5]

Walworth Barbour served as Ambassador of the United States to Israel from 1961–1973, which is when the Embassy re-located to its present location of 71 Hayarkon Street. He assumed his post already very familiar with the Middle East and South Eastern Europe but with "no particular interest in Israel one way or another."[6] Nevertheless, Barbour was Ambassador to Israel for 12 years, and when asked why he stayed so long he answered, "I like it."[6] The American International School in Even Yehuda, Israel is named after him.

Organization

The U.S. Embassy in Tel Aviv maintains and promotes diplomatic and people-to-people relations between the United States and Israel. The Embassy has a large staff of officers and specialists who are responsible for all aspects of economic, political, commercial, military, media, educational, cultural, and humanitarian relations. Tel Aviv operates one of the State Department's busiest Non-Immigrant Visa sections, which produces the highest volume of nonimmigrant visas in the Middle East.[7] The American Citizens Services (ACS) office is the State Department's third largest ACS office overseas, and the volume of U.S. passports issued makes Tel Aviv the second largest passport operation in the world.[8]

There is also an American Consular Agent in Haifa.[9]

Press and Cultural Affairs at the U.S. Embassy Tel Aviv

The Office of Press and Cultural Affairs is responsible for embassy communication through its public website and popular social media platforms. The office maintains a Facebook page, a YouTube page, and a Flickr page (see External links). It is also responsible for all communication with media organizations in Israel. The office invites Israelis to participate in professional visits to the United States, conducts exchange programs, showcases American culture through visits of visual and performing artists, and invites academics to speak with students, experts and general audiences. The Embassy reaches thousands of young Israeli Jews and Arabs through English language programs, and provides grants to many non-government organizations involved in co-existence activities.

The American Center in Jerusalem

A public-access American Center in Jerusalem was established in 1968 as part of the embassy’s effort to reach out to Israeli academics and officials. The staff of the American Center design and oversee educational seminars, exchanges, performances, and grant programs in a wide variety of areas, including cultural diplomacy, sports diplomacy, legal issues, diversity, coexistence, women’s issues, human rights, religious tolerance, and English instruction. These activities take place at the Center itself or at partner institutions.[10] The American Center also operates an Information Resource Center, which is open to the public and offers 6,000 reference and circulating books, 1,000 DVDs, 80 periodicals and journals, and access to news and scholarly databases.

Middle East Partnership Initiative

The Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) is a U.S. State Department program that supports political and economic reform efforts in the Middle East and North Africa. Run out of the Public Diplomacy office of the U.S. Embassy Tel Aviv, MEPI Israel's projects strive to build a more pluralistic, participatory, and prosperous society in Israel. Specifically, MEPI programming in Israel empowers community leadership, provides educational opportunities, and opens an outlet for civic discourse. To this end, MEPI partners with local organizations to bolster agents of change.

The Fulbright Commission for Israel

The United States-Israel Educational Foundation (USIEF) was established by the governments of the United States and Israel in 1956 and given responsibility for the administration of Israel’s participation in the Fulbright program. The Ambassador of the United States serves as Honorary Chair of the 8-member USIEF Board. The primary activity of the Fulbright commission for Israel is to strengthen mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of Israel through academic and professional exchanges. In 2011, a total of 73 Fulbright Israel Fellowships were awarded, 40 to Israeli citizens and 33 to American citizens.[11]

The United States-Israel Educational Foundation also operates an EducationUSA Counseling Center which distributes information on post-secondary educational opportunities in the United States. The Counseling Center assists interested candidates in the selection of suitable programs and offers advice in the preparation of application files. The Center provides both group information sessions and individual counseling.[12]

United States Commercial Service in Israel

The United States Commercial Service (USCS) is the trade promotion arm of the U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration. Located within the U.S. Embassy Tel Aviv, the Commercial Service assists hundreds of Americans each year to learn about opportunities in Israel’s economy and to expand their sales in the Israeli market. The Commercial Service also works with individual American States to attract Israeli investment. The goal of the Commercial Service is to broaden and deepen the U.S. exporter base, remove export obstacles for small and medium-sized companies in the United States, advance U.S. business interests abroad, and support job creation in Israel and the United States.[13]

U.S. Agency for International Development in Israel

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is the principal U.S. assistance agency that extends help to countries recovering from disaster, trying to escape poverty, and engaging in democratic reforms.[14] Although USAID is separate from the State Department, both report to the United States Secretary of State. Since 1994, USAID has worked in the West Bank and Gaza providing more than $3.4 billion in U.S. economic assistance to Palestinians in the areas of water and sanitation, infrastructure, education, health, economic growth, and democracy. USAID also provides assistance for basic human needs in both the West Bank and Gaza, including emergency food, health care, and access to safe water.[15]

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in Israel

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has a Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) Office located within the U.S. Embassy Tel Aviv. As the largest investigative arm of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS), HSI enhances U.S. national security by conducting international law enforcement operations. The HSI Office in Tel Aviv partners with their Israeli counterparts to combat criminal organizations and prevent terrorist activities. They are charged with enforcing a wide array of laws, including those related to financial crime, trade fraud, and narcotics and cash smuggling. Aside from Tel Aviv, HSI works with 69 offices in 47 countries around the world.[16]

Federal Bureau of Investigation in Israel

For nearly seven decades, the FBI has stationed special agents and other personnel overseas to help protect Americans back home by building relationships with principal law enforcement, intelligence, and security services around the globe that help ensure a prompt and continuous exchange of information. The FBI Legal Attaché in Israel works with the Israeli law enforcement and security agencies to coordinate investigations of interest to both countries.

U.S. Defense Attaché Office in Israel

U.S. Senior Defense Official/Defense Attaché represents the U.S. Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Commander of U.S. European Command in Israel. To accomplish this mission U.S. Defense Attaché Office (DAO) personnel advise the U.S. Ambassador to Israel on military matters, implement a variety of bi-lateral military engagement programs, and thoroughly report political-military developments in a timely manner. The USDAO serves as the primary point of contact for all joint U.S.-Israeli military activities and communications on defense matters between the U.S. government and the Government of Israel.

Jerusalem Embassy Act

Main article: Jerusalem Embassy Act
Consulate headquarters at Agron Street, Jerusalem

The Jerusalem Embassy Act, passed by Congress in 1995, requires the United States to relocate its embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem by December 31, 1999 and that Jerusalem be recognized as the capital of Israel. The Embassy remains in Tel Aviv because the Act also allows for the President to "delay the implementation of the law indefinitely if the move presents national security concerns."[17] Presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama have regularly invoked the clause, delaying the move of the embassy to Jerusalem.

The United States maintains a Consulate General in Jerusalem which has offices in 18 Agron Road and on 14 David Flusser Street. The Consulate General in Jerusalem, established in 1844, represents the United States in Jerusalem, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip as an independent U.S. Mission whose members are not accredited to a foreign government.[18]

Security concerns

Mike's Place a few days after the suicide bombing

Although Tel Aviv is widely considered one of the safest cities in Israel, there have been some terrorist attacks over the years. Notably during the Second Intifada in 2003, Mike's Place, which is located next door to the U.S. Embassy, was attacked by a suicide bomber. The blast killed three civilians and wounded 50.

In 2005, another attack at a club on the Tel Aviv Promenade killed 5 and wounded another 50.[19]

See also

References

  1. ↑ With Capitals in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, Israelis Have Their Own Tale of Two Cities By JAMES FERON Special to The New York Times. New York Times (1923-Current file). New York, N.Y.:Sep 13, 1966. p. 9 (1 pp.).
  2. 1 2 Truman Appoints Mission to Israel By Anthony Leviero Special to The New York Times; New York Times (1857-Current file); Jun 23, 1948; ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2004) pg. 24.
  3. ↑ Two Neophytes in a Troubled World By Thomas Surgue. New York Times (1857-Current file); Aug 26, 1951; ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2004) pg. BR1.
  4. ↑ Israel and U.S. Si, has been so for 3,00gn Aviation Agreement Special to The New York Times. New York Times (1857-Current file); Jun 14, 1950; ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2004) pg. 62.
  5. ↑ A New Struggle For Jerusalem (New York Times, March 2, 1997)
  6. 1 2 Quiet Envoy to Israel Special to The New York Times New York Times (1923-Current file); Apr 3, 1971; ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2007) pg. 12.
  7. ↑ http://israel.usembassy.gov/visas.html
  8. ↑ http://israel.usembassy.gov/service.html
  9. ↑ CONSULAR AGENT IN HAIFA
  10. ↑ http://israel.usembassy.gov/ac/about2.html
  11. ↑ http://www.fulbright.org.il/en
  12. ↑ http://www.fulbright.org.il/index.php?id=677
  13. ↑ http://www.commerce.gov/
  14. ↑ http://www.usaid.rov.html
  15. ↑ http://www.usaid.gov/wbg/home.html
  16. ↑ http://www.ice.gov/about/offices/homeland-security-investigations.html
  17. ↑ Jerusalem Embassy Act of 1995, Pub.L. 104–45, Nov. 8, 1995, 109 Stat. 398.
  18. ↑ http://jerusalem.usconsulate.gov/about_the_embassy.html
  19. ↑ http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2005/Suicide+bombing+at+Tel+Aviv+Stage+Club+25-Feb-2005.htm.
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