Elliott Cresson Medal
| Elliott Cresson Medal | |
|---|---|
 Elliott Cresson Medal given to Emile Berliner in 1913 | |
| Country | USA |
| Presented by | Franklin Institute |
| First awarded | 1875 |
| Last awarded | 1997 |
The Elliott Cresson Medal, also known as the Elliott Cresson Gold Medal, was the highest award given by the Franklin Institute. The award was established by Elliott Cresson, life member of the Franklin Institute, with $1,000 granted in 1848.[1] The endowed award was to be "for some discovery in the Arts and Sciences, or for the invention or improvement of some useful machine, or for some new process or combination of materials in manufactures, or for ingenuity skill or perfection in workmanship."[1] The medal was first awarded in 1875, 21 years after Cresson's death.[1]
The Franklin Institute continued awarding the medal on an occasional basis until 1998 when they reorganized their endowed awards under one umbrella, The Benjamin Franklin Awards.[2] A total of 268 Elliott Cresson Medals were given out during the award's lifetime.[3]
| Year | Awardee | Category | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1875 |
Bonwill, William Gibson A.William Gibson A. Bonwill | Life Science | Electro Magnetic Dental Mallet |
| 1875 |
Fiss, Banes, Erben & Co., Fiss, Banes, Erben & Co. | Engineering | Worsted Yarns |
| 1875 |
Powers & Weightman, Powers & Weightman | Engineering | Drug Manufacturing |
| 1875 |
Tatham, William P.William P. Tatham | Invention | Printing press |
| 1875 |
Tilghman, Benjamin ChewBenjamin Chew Tilghman | Engineering | Sand Blast |
| 1875 |
Zentmayer, JosephJoseph Zentmayer | Engineering | Microscopes and Objectives |
| 1877 |
Charlton, JohnJohn Charlton | Engineering | Shaft Coupling |
| 1877 |
Dudley, P. H.P. H. Dudley | Engineering | Dynomagraph |
| 1878 |
Bower, HenryHenry Bower | Chemistry | Inodorous Glycerin |
| 1878 |
Chambers, Jr., CyrusCyrus Chambers, Jr. | Engineering | Bolt and rivet clipper |
| 1878 |
Goodwin, Williams FarrWilliams Farr Goodwin | Engineering | Competitive test of mowing machines |
| 1879 |
Delandtsheer, NorbertNorbert Delandtsheer | Invention | Machine for Testing Flax |
| 1880 |
Spellier, Louis H.Louis H. Spellier | Invention | Time Telegraph |
| 1881 |
Griscom, W. WoodnutW. Woodnut Griscom | Engineering | Electric Induction Motor and Battery |
| 1885 |
Chabot, CyprienCyprien Chabot | Engineering | Shoe Sewing Machine |
| 1885 |
Siemens, FrederickFrederick Siemens | Engineering | Regenerative Gas Burner |
| 1886 |
Delany, Patrick BernardPatrick Bernard Delany | Engineering | Synchronous Telegraphy |
| 1886 |
Lowe, Thaddeus S. C.Thaddeus S. C. Lowe | Engineering | Water Gas Process and Apparatus |
| 1886 |
Ott & Brewer, Ott & Brewer | Engineering | China and Porcelain Wares |
| 1886 |
Pratt & Whitney Co., Pratt & Whitney Co. | Engineering | System of Interchangeable Cut Gears |
| 1886 |
Ramsay, Robert H.Robert H. Ramsay | Engineering | Railway Car Transfer Apparatus |
| 1886 |
Walkup, LibertyLiberty Walkup | Invention | Airbrush |
| 1887 |
Albert, Charles F.Charles F. Albert | Engineering | Violins and Bows |
| 1887 |
Bilgram, HugoHugo Bilgram | Engineering | Bevel Gear Cutter |
| 1887 |
Cowles, Alfred H.Alfred H. Cowles | Engineering | Electric Smelting Furnace |
| 1887 |
Cowles, Eugene H.Eugene H. Cowles | Engineering | Electric Smelting Furnace |
| 1887 |
Shaw, ThomasThomas Shaw | Engineering | Testing for Mine Gases and system of Mine Signaling |
| 1889 |
Cowper, Edward AlfredEdward Alfred Cowper | Invention | Writing Telegraph |
| 1889 |
Mergenthaler, OttmarOttmar Mergenthaler | Engineering | Linotype machine |
| 1889 |
Robertson, T. HartT. Hart Robertson | Invention | Writing Telegraph |
| 1889 |
Simonds, George FrederickGeorge Frederick Simonds | Engineering | Universal Rolling Machine |
| 1890 |
Hammond, James B.James B. Hammond | Engineering | Typewriter Improvements |
| 1890 |
Hollerith, HermanHerman Hollerith | Computer and Cognitive Science | Electric Tabulating Device |
| 1890 |
Mayer Hayes & Co., Mayer Hayes & Co. | Engineering | Manufacture of files |
| 1891 |
Bates, StocktonStockton Bates | Engineering | Spindle Support |
| 1891 |
Bevington, James H.James H. Bevington | Engineering | Welding Metal and Spinning and Shaping Tube |
| 1891 |
Fiske, Bradley AllenBradley Allen Fiske | Engineering | Rangefinder |
| 1891 |
Olsen, TiniusTinius Olsen | Engineering | Testing Machine |
| 1891 |
Shaw, Edwin F.Edwin F. Shaw | Engineering | Spindle Support |
| 1891 |
Vauclain, Samuel M.Samuel M. Vauclain | Engineering | Compound Locomotive |
| 1891 |
Von Culin, George M.George M. Von Culin | Engineering | Spindle Support |
| 1892 |
Holmes, Philip H.Philip H. Holmes | Engineering | Composition for Journal Bearings |
| 1892 |
Howe, Henry M.Henry M. Howe | Engineering | Metallurgy of Steel |
| 1893 |
Batchellor, Clifford H.Clifford H. Batchellor | Engineering | Compound Locomotive |
| 1893 |
Ives, Frederic EugeneFrederic Eugene Ives | Engineering | Color photography |
| 1893 |
Marks, George E.George E. Marks | Life Science | Improvements in Artificial Limbs |
| 1893 |
von Jankó, PaulPaul von Jankó | Engineering | Jankó piano keyboard |
| 1894 |
Tesla, NikolaNikola Tesla | Engineering | Alternating Electric Currents of High Frequency |
| 1895 |
Howe, Henry M.Henry M. Howe | Engineering | Experimental Researches on Steel |
| 1895 |
Peckover, JamesJames Peckover | Invention | Stone Sawing Machine |
| 1895 |
Pelton, Lester AllanLester Allan Pelton | Engineering | Water Wheel |
| 1896 |
Delany, Patrick BernardPatrick Bernard Delany | Engineering | Telegraphy, High speed system |
| 1896 |
Lanston, TolbertTolbert Lanston | Invention | Monotype Machine |
| 1897 |
Castner, Hamilton Y.Hamilton Y. Castner | Engineering | Process of electrolytic decomposing of alkaline chlorides |
| 1897 |
Gray, ElishaElisha Gray | Engineering | Telautograph |
| 1897 |
Jenkins, Charles FrancisCharles Francis Jenkins | Invention | Phantoscope projector |
| 1897 |
Röntgen, Wilhelm ConradWilhelm Conrad Röntgen | Physics | Discovery of X-rays |
| 1897 |
Wilckes, JosephJoseph Wilckes | Invention | Econometer [4] |
| 1898 |
Atwater, Wilbur OlinWilbur Olin Atwater | Engineering | Respiration Calorimeter |
| 1898 |
Corscaden, ThomasThomas Corscaden | Engineering | All-Wrought Steel Belt Pulley |
| 1898 |
Hirschel, ClemensClemens Hirschel | Invention | Venturi Meter |
| 1898 |
Moissan, HenriHenri Moissan | Engineering | Investigations with his electric furnace |
| 1898 |
Rosa, Edward BennettEdward Bennett Rosa | Engineering | Respiration Calorimeter |
| 1900 |
American Cotton Company, American Cotton Company | Engineering | Round Lap Bale System |
| 1900 |
Levy, Louis EdwardLouis Edward Levy | Engineering | Method and apparatus for acid blast etching of metal plates |
| 1900 |
Pencoyd Iron Works, Pencoyd Iron Works | Engineering | Bridge construction |
| 1900 |
United States Geological Survey, United States Geological Survey | Earth Science | Exhibit of the USGS |
| 1900 |
von Welsbach, Carl AuerCarl Auer von Welsbach | Chemistry | Discoveries regarding metallic oxides |
| 1901 |
Diesel, RudolphRudolph Diesel | Engineering | Diesel engine |
| 1901 |
Forbes, John S.John S. Forbes | Chemistry | Process of automatically heating and sterilizing fluids |
| 1901 |
Haupt, Lewis M.Lewis M. Haupt | Engineering | Reaction Breakwater |
| 1901 |
Mason & Hamlin Company, Mason & Hamlin Company | Engineering | Liszt Pipe Organ |
| 1901 |
Waterhouse, A. G.A. G. Waterhouse | Engineering | Process of automatically heating and sterilizing fluids |
| 1902 |
Acker, Charles ErnestCharles Ernest Acker | Engineering | Manufacturing Caustic Alkali and Halogen Gas |
| 1902 |
Taylor, Fred W.Fred W. Taylor | Engineering | Process of Treating Tool Steel |
| 1902 |
White, MaunselMaunsel White | Engineering | Process of Treating Tool Steel |
| 1903 |
Clam, G. H.G. H. Clam | Engineering | Method of eliminating metals from mixtures of metals |
| 1903 |
Ferrell, Joseph L.Joseph L. Ferrell | Engineering | Process of fireproofing wood |
| 1903 |
Gill, Wilson LindsleyWilson Lindsley Gill | Engineering; Computer and Cognitive Science | School City Educational Plan |
| 1903 |
Goldschmidt, VictorVictor Goldschmidt | Engineering | Theory of Musical Harmony |
| 1903 |
Sprague, Frank J.Frank J. Sprague | Engineering | System of Electric Traction |
| 1904 |
Dodge, James MapesJames Mapes Dodge | Engineering | System of Storing Coal |
| 1904 |
Gill, Wilson LindsleyWilson Lindsley Gill | Engineering; Computer and Cognitive Science | School City |
| 1904 |
Goldschmidt, HansHans Goldschmidt | Physics | Alumino-Thermics |
| 1904 |
Levy, Louis E.Louis E. Levy | Engineering | Machine for preparation of plates for etching |
| 1904 |
Lovekin, L. D.L. D. Lovekin | Engineering | Expanding and Flanging Machinery for Tubes |
| 1904 |
Outerbridge, Jr., Alexander E.Alexander E. Outerbridge, Jr. | Engineering | Molecular Structure of Cast Iron |
| 1904 |
Parker, John ClintonJohn Clinton Parker | Engineering | Steam Generator |
| 1905 |
Gray National Telautograph Company, Gray National Telautograph Company | Engineering | Telautograph |
| 1905 |
Pupin, Michael IdvorskyMichael Idvorsky Pupin | Physics | Reducing Attenuation of Electrical Waves |
| 1906 |
American Paper Bottle Company, American Paper Bottle Company | Engineering | Paper Milk Bottles |
| 1906 |
Hammer, William JosephWilliam Joseph Hammer | (unspecified) | Historic Collection of Incandescent Electric Lamps |
| 1907 |
Baldwin Locomotive Works, Baldwin Locomotive Works | Engineering | Contributions to Evolution of American Locomotive |
| 1907 |
Borsch, John L.John L. Borsch | Physics | A new Bi-Focal Lens |
| 1907 |
Heany, J. AllenJ. Allen Heany | Engineering | Fireproof Insulated Wire |
| 1907 |
Philips, FerdinandFerdinand Philips | Engineering | Pressed Steel Pulley for Power Transmission |
| 1907 |
Taylor, Edward R.Edward R. Taylor | Chemistry | Electric Furnace Manufacture of Carbon bisulfide |
| 1908 |
Hough, Romeyn BeckRomeyn Beck Hough | Engineering | Uses of American Woods |
| 1908 |
Mallet, AnatoleAnatole Mallet | Engineering | Improved Articulated Compound Locomotive |
| 1909 |
Curie, MarieMarie Curie | Chemistry | The discovery of radium |
| 1909 |
Curie, PierrePierre Curie | Chemistry | The discovery of radium |
| 1909 |
Gaede, WolfgangWolfgang Gaede | Engineering | Molecular Air Pump |
| 1909 |
Gayley, JamesJames Gayley | Engineering | Dry air blast in blast furnace operation |
| 1909 |
Lumière, Auguste and LouisAuguste and Louis Lumière | Engineering | Color photography |
| 1909 |
Squier, George OwenGeorge Owen Squier | Engineering | Multiplex Telephony |
| 1909 |
Talbot, BenjaminBenjamin Talbot | Engineering | Open Hearth Steel Process |
| 1909 |
Turner, Walter VictorWalter Victor Turner | Engineering | Air Brake Design and Application |
| 1909 |
Underwood Typewriter Co., Underwood Typewriter Co. | Engineering | Underwood Typewriter |
| 1909 |
Vernasz, AlexisAlexis Vernasz | Engineering | Milling files |
| 1909 |
Wood, H. A. WiseH. A. Wise Wood | Engineering | The Autoplate Machine |
| 1910 |
Automatic Electric Company, Automatic Electric Company | Engineering | Automatic System of Telephony |
| 1910 |
Brashear, John A.John A. Brashear | Physics | Distinguished work in astronomical instruments |
| 1910 |
Hewitt, Peter CooperPeter Cooper Hewitt | Invention | Mercury rectifier |
| 1910 |
Fritz, JohnJohn Fritz | Engineering | Distinguished work in iron and steel industries |
| 1910 |
Hadfield, Robert AbbottRobert Abbott Hadfield | Engineering | Distinguished work in metallurgical sciences |
| 1910 |
Rutherford, ErnestErnest Rutherford | Engineering | Distinguished work in electrical theory |
| 1910 |
Thomson, Joseph JohnJoseph John Thomson | Physics | For distinguished work in physical sciences |
| 1910 |
Weston, EdwardEdward Weston | Engineering | Distinguished work in electrical discovery |
| 1910 |
Wiley, Harvey W.Harvey W. Wiley | Life Science | Distinguished work in agricultural chemistry |
| 1912 |
Bell, Alexander GrahamAlexander Graham Bell | Engineering | Electrical Transmission of Articulate Speech |
| 1912 |
Crookes, WilliamWilliam Crookes | Chemistry | Discoveries in Chemistry |
| 1912 |
Noble, Alfred EAlfred E Noble | Engineering | Distinguished work in civil engineering |
| 1912 |
Morley, Edward WilliamsEdward Williams Morley | Chemistry | Determination of fundamental magnitudes in chemistry |
| 1912 |
Michelson, Albert A.Albert A. Michelson | Physics | Investigations in physical optics |
| 1912 |
Roscoe, Sir Henry EnfieldSir Henry Enfield Roscoe | Chemistry | Important Research in Chemistry |
| 1912 |
Stratton, Samuel WesleySamuel Wesley Stratton | Engineering | Distinguished work in metrology |
| 1912 |
Thomson, ElihuElihu Thomson | Engineering | Industrial applications of electricity |
| 1912 |
von Baeyer, AdolfAdolf von Baeyer | Chemistry | Extended research in organic chemistry |
| 1913 |
Berliner, EmileEmile Berliner | Engineering | Contributions to telephony and science of sound reproduction |
| 1913 |
Fischer, Hermann EmilHermann Emil Fischer | Life Science | Organic and biological chemistry |
| 1913 |
Ramsay, Sir WilliamSir William Ramsay | Chemistry | Discoveries in chemistry |
| 1913 |
Randolph, IshamIsham Randolph | Engineering | Distinguished work in civil engineering |
| 1913 |
Strutt, JohnJohn Strutt | Physics | Extended researches in physical science |
| 1913 |
Sauveur, AlbertAlbert Sauveur | Engineering | Metallography of Iron and Steel |
| 1913 |
Steinmetz, Charles ProteusCharles Proteus Steinmetz | Engineering | Analytical methods in electrical engineering |
| 1914 |
von Eder, Josef MariaJosef Maria von Eder | Chemistry | Original Researches in Photo-Chemistry |
| 1914 |
von Linde, Carl Paul GottfriedCarl Paul Gottfried von Linde | Engineering | Liquefaction of gases and refrigeration |
| 1914 |
Smith, Edgar FahsEdgar Fahs Smith | Chemistry | Leading work in electro-chemistry |
| 1914 |
Wright, OrvilleOrville Wright | Engineering | The art and science of aviation |
| 1915 |
Owens, Michael J.Michael J. Owens | Engineering | Automatic Bottle Blowing Machine |
| 1916 |
American Telephone & Telegraph, American Telephone & Telegraph | Engineering | Development of the Art of telephony |
| 1916 |
Eldred, Byron E.Byron E. Eldred | Engineering | Low Expansion Wire for Incandescent Lamps |
| 1916 |
Gans, RobertRobert Gans | Engineering | Permutit water softening process |
| 1917 |
Northrup, Edwin FitchEdwin Fitch Northrup | Engineering | Investigation of Electric Furnaces and High Temperature |
| 1918 |
Lewis, Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton Lewis | Engineering | Lewis Machine Gun |
| 1920 |
Emmet, William LeRoyWilliam LeRoy Emmet | Engineering | Electrical Propulsion of Ships |
| 1923 |
DeForest, LeeLee DeForest | Engineering | Audion |
| 1923 |
Johnson, Raymond D.Raymond D. Johnson | Engineering | Hydraulic Valve |
| 1923 |
Kingsbury, AlbertAlbert Kingsbury | Engineering | Thrust bearing |
| 1925 |
Hodgkinson, FrancisFrancis Hodgkinson | Engineering | Turbo-Electric Appliances |
| 1926 |
Hale, George ElleryGeorge Ellery Hale | Physics | Astronomical Researches of sun, solar atmosphere and solar physics |
| 1926 |
Hastings, Charles S.Charles S. Hastings | Engineering | Design of Optical Systems |
| 1927 |
Miller, Dayton C.Dayton C. Miller | Physics | Researches in Sound |
| 1927 |
Nichols, Edward LeamingtonEdward Leamington Nichols | Physics | Investigations in the Physical Sciences |
| 1928 |
Elmen, Gustaf W.Gustaf W. Elmen | Engineering | Permalloy |
| 1928 |
Ford, HenryHenry Ford | Engineering | Revolutionizing automobile industry, and industrial leadership |
| 1928 |
Karapetoff, VladimirVladimir Karapetoff | Computer and Cognitive Science | Kinematic Computing Devices |
| 1928 |
Lawrance, Charles L.Charles L. Lawrance | Engineering | Wright Whirlwind Air-Cooled Engine, Model J-5 |
| 1929 |
Irvine, James ColquhounJames Colquhoun Irvine | Life Science | Carbohydrate chemistry |
| 1929 |
Jackson, ChevalierChevalier Jackson | Life Science | Instruments for Removal of Foreign Bodies from Respiratory and food Passages |
| 1929 |
Sperry, Elmer AmbroseElmer Ambrose Sperry [5] | Engineering | Navigational and Recording Instruments (Gyroscopic) |
| 1930 |
Gibson, Norman RothwellNorman Rothwell Gibson | Physics | Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits |
| 1930 |
Moultrop, Irving EdwinIrving Edwin Moultrop | Engineering | High Pressure Steam Boilers in Electric Generating Stations |
| 1931 |
Davisson, Clinton JosephClinton Joseph Davisson | Physics | Scattering and diffraction of electrons by crystals |
| 1931 |
Germer, Lester HalbertLester Halbert Germer | Physics | Scattering and Diffraction of Electrons by Crystals |
| 1931 |
Honda, KotaroKotaro Honda | Engineering | Contributions to magnetism and metallurgy |
| 1931 |
Lyman, TheodoreTheodore Lyman | Physics | Work in Spectroscopy |
| 1932 |
Bridgman, Percy W.Percy W. Bridgman | Physics | Work in high pressure |
| 1932 |
Fortescue, Charles LeGeytCharles LeGeyt Fortescue | Engineering | Symmetrical Coordinates in Polyphase Networks |
| 1932 |
Whitehead, John B.John B. Whitehead | (unspecified) | Dielectric Behavior |
| 1933 |
Bauersfeld, WaltherWalther Bauersfeld | Physics | Optical Planetarium |
| 1933 |
de la Cierva, JuanJuan de la Cierva | Engineering | Autogiro-flying machine with freely rotating wings |
| 1934 |
Ballantine, StuartStuart Ballantine | Engineering | Vertical Antenna for Radio Transmission |
| 1934 |
Union Switch & Signal, Union Switch & Signal | Engineering | Continuous Cab Signal and Automatic Train Control Systems |
| 1936 |
Curme, George O.George O. Curme | Chemistry | Development of synthetic aliphatic chemistry |
| 1936 |
Van de Graaff, Robert J.Robert J. Van de Graaff | Engineering | High Voltage Electrostatic Generator |
| 1937 |
Anderson, Carl DavidCarl David Anderson | Chemistry | Discovery of the positron |
| 1937 |
Bowie, WilliamWilliam Bowie | Earth Science | Contributions to the Science of Geodesy (Isostasy) |
| 1937 |
Brandenberger, Jacques EdwinJacques Edwin Brandenberger | Engineering | Process for Manufacture of Cellophane |
| 1937 |
Giauque, William F.William F. Giauque | Physics | Low temperature research |
| 1937 |
Lawrence, Ernest O.Ernest O. Lawrence | Engineering | Development of the Cyclotron |
| 1938 |
Land, Edwin H.Edwin H. Land | Engineering | Polaroid camera |
| 1939 |
Boys, Charles VernonCharles Vernon Boys | Physics | Creation of new methods for measuring gravitation, sound, heat, radiation and current and static electricity |
| 1939 |
Campbell, George AshleyGeorge Ashley Campbell | Engineering | Theory of electric circuits for improvements in telephony |
| 1939 |
Carson, John R.John R. Carson | Engineering | Contributions to electric communications |
| 1940 |
Backet, Frederick M.Frederick M. Backet | Engineering | Low carbon ferro-alloys and electro-metallurgy |
| 1940 |
Williams, Robert R.Robert R. Williams | Life Science | Researches upon Vitamin B1 including its isolation in the pure state in quantities sufficient for further study |
| 1941 |
United States Navy, United States Navy | Engineering | Submarine rescue devices, U.S. lung and rescue chamber |
| 1942 |
Hudson, Claude SilbertClaude Silbert Hudson | Life Science | Investigation in Carbohydrate chemistry |
| 1942 |
Rabi, Isidor I.Isidor I. Rabi | Physics | Measurement of magnetic moments of atomic nuclei, and their radio frequency spectra |
| 1943 |
Allen, Charles MetcalfCharles Metcalf Allen | Engineering | Salt velocity method for measuring the flow of water in conduits |
| 1944 |
Adams, RogerRoger Adams | Chemistry | Contributions in organic chemistry |
| 1945 |
Hooper, Stanford CaldwellStanford Caldwell Hooper | Engineering | Leadership in field of radio for U.S. Navy |
| 1945 |
Moody, Lewis FerryLewis Ferry Moody | Engineering | Hydraulic turbines |
| 1946 |
Barnes, Gladeon M.Gladeon M. Barnes | Engineering | Contributions to design and development of anti-aircraft guns, tanks, seacoast artillery and welded gun carriages |
| 1948 |
Colpitts, Edwin H.Edwin H. Colpitts | Engineering | Practical systems of long distance communications |
| 1950 |
Schonland, Basil Ferdinand JamiesonBasil Ferdinand Jamieson Schonland | Physics | Work in the field of atmospheric electricity and the mechanism of lightning discharge |
| 1952 |
Molina, Edward C.Edward C. Molina | Engineering | Contributions to improvement of telephonic communications by applying mathematical probability to the study of telephone traffic and by the invention of switching equipment |
| 1952 |
Taylor, H. BirchardH. Birchard Taylor | Engineering | Development of the single runner vertical reaction turbine |
| 1953 |
Blum, WilliamWilliam Blum | Physics | Scientific basis for the electro-deposition of metals |
| 1953 |
Harrison, George RussellGeorge Russell Harrison | Physics | Precision measurement in Zeeman effect |
| 1953 |
Meggers, William F.William F. Meggers | Physics | Contributions to field of spectroscopy and to the knowledge of the electronic structure of many elements |
| 1955 |
Bowden, F. PhilipF. Philip Bowden | Physics | For extensive investigations involving frictions between solid surfaces |
| 1957 |
Libby, Willard F.Willard F. Libby | Physics | Technique of radio carbon dating |
| 1957 |
Pigott, Reginald James SeymourReginald James Seymour Pigott | Engineering | Engineering accomplishments, inventions and leadership |
| 1957 |
Watson-Watt, Robert AlexanderRobert Alexander Watson-Watt | Engineering | Pulsed radar, and development of radar systems |
| 1958 |
Patrick, Joseph C.Joseph C. Patrick | Chemistry | Discoveries in polysulfide polymers and new processes of combining chemical compounds for the manufacture of synthetic rubber |
| 1958 |
Timoshenko, Stephen P.Stephen P. Timoshenko | Engineering | Theory of elasticity and elastic stability |
| 1959 |
Hammond, John HaysJohn Hays Hammond | Engineering | Developed remote radio control of moving vehicles |
| 1959 |
Harrison, Henry CharlesHenry Charles Harrison | Engineering | Matched impedance principle in electro-mechanical devices |
| 1959 |
Wolff, IrvingIrving Wolff | Engineering | Contributions to radio, radar and electronics |
| 1960 |
Dryden, Hugh LatimerHugh Latimer Dryden | Engineering | Contributions to theory and application of aerodynamics which advanced the art of wind tunnel and aircraft design and for contributions to design and development of first automatic radar homing guided missile |
| 1960 |
Nadai, Arpad LudwigArpad Ludwig Nadai | Engineering | Pioneering work in elasticity of materials |
| 1960 |
Swann, William Francis GrayWilliam Francis Gray Swann | Physics | Significant studies in the field of cosmic radiation |
| 1961 |
Glaser, Donald A.Donald A. Glaser | Physics | The bubble chamber for tracking and photographing tracks of high energy ionizing particles and the fragments of nuclear collisions |
| 1961 |
Mössbauer, Rudolf L.Rudolf L. Mössbauer | Physics | Discovery of recoilless emission |
| 1961 |
Rudenberg, ReinholdReinhold Rudenberg | Engineering | Performance of electric power systems |
| 1961 |
Van Allen, James AlfredJames Alfred Van Allen | Physics | Pioneering achievements in space science, Van Allen Radiation Belts |
| 1962 |
Baker, James G.James G. Baker | Physics | Innovations in the design of astronomical instruments and the mathematics of optical design |
| 1962 |
von Braun, WernherWernher von Braun | Engineering | Liquid rocket motors and rocket development |
| 1963 |
Christofilos, NicholasNicholas Christofilos | Physics | Contributions to applied electromagnetism and nuclear physics such as conception of strange-focusing principle in synchrotrons, the ARGUS experiment and principles in Astron development |
| 1963 |
Reber, GroteGrote Reber | Physics | Radio astronomy, early radio telescopes, and the identification of the first radio star |
| 1964 |
Semon, Waldo L.Waldo L. Semon | Engineering | Achievements in natural and synthetic rubber production |
| 1964 |
Southwell, Richard V.Richard V. Southwell | Physics | Solution of buckling problems in physics and engineering |
| 1964 |
Wilson, Robert RathbunRobert Rathbun Wilson | Physics | Contributions to the control and direction of high-energy particle beams and as a designer of instrumentation for measurement of high-energy physical phenomena |
| 1965 |
Van Slyke, Donald DexterDonald Dexter Van Slyke | Life Science | Clinical chemistry procedures and apparatus |
| 1966 |
Blizard, Everitt P.Everitt P. Blizard | Physics | Development of the theory of radiation shielding |
| 1966 |
Mark, Herman FrancisHerman Francis Mark | Chemistry | Polymers |
| 1968 |
Bartlett, NeilNeil Bartlett | Chemistry | Fluorine Compounds of Xenon and Radon |
| 1969 |
Eyring, HenryHenry Eyring | Chemistry | Quantum mechanical calculations of activation energies |
| 1969 |
Goldmark, Peter CarlPeter Carl Goldmark | Engineering | Contributions in the fields of electronics |
| 1970 |
Zinn, Walter HenryWalter Henry Zinn | Engineering | Nuclear power reactors |
| 1971 |
Flory, Paul J.Paul J. Flory | Chemistry | Polymer science |
| 1971 |
Van Vleck, John HasbrouckJohn Hasbrouck Van Vleck | Physics | Theories of magnetism and dielectrics |
| 1972 |
Josephson, Brian D.Brian D. Josephson | Physics | Josephson effect and theory of matter at low temperatures |
| 1972 |
Lear, William PowellWilliam Powell Lear | Engineering | Development of full maneuvering automatic pilot and Lear jet |
| 1973 |
Sandage, Allan R.Allan R. Sandage | Physics | Astronomy |
| 1973 |
Stapp, John PaulJohn Paul Stapp | Life Science | Crash Injury Research |
| 1974 |
Cairns, Theodore L.Theodore L. Cairns | Chemistry | Percyano compounds, synthesis and exploration of chemical and physical properties |
| 1974 |
Dicke, Robert H.Robert H. Dicke | Physics | Role in gravitational experiment and theory |
| 1974 |
Haagen-Smit, Arie JanArie Jan Haagen-Smit | Earth Science | Plant hormones and air pollution chemistry |
| 1974 |
Rossi, Bruno B.Bruno B. Rossi | Physics | Cosmic rays, gamma-ray astronomy |
| 1975 |
Cohn, MildredMildred Cohn | Life Science | Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of enzymatic complexes |
| 1975 |
Lighthill, Michael JamesMichael James Lighthill | Physics | Acoustic quadrupole theory of aerodynamic noise generation |
| 1976 |
Lederman, LeonLeon Lederman | Physics | Leadership in forefront of experimentation in study of high energy interactions, nuclear forces and particle physics |
| 1978 |
Brown, Herbert C.Herbert C. Brown | Chemistry | Development of methods for synthesis of diborane and alkali metal hydrides |
| 1978 |
Stillinger, Frank H.Frank H. Stillinger | Chemistry | Computer-generated model for water molecules |
| 1979 |
Weinberg, StevenSteven Weinberg | Physics | Unified theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions |
| 1980 |
Giacconi, RiccardoRiccardo Giacconi | Physics | Outstanding work in X-ray astronomy |
| 1981 |
Hubbert, Marion KingMarion King Hubbert | Earth Science | Application of quantitative methods to geological problems |
| 1982 |
Eubank, Harold P.Harold P. Eubank | Physics | Plasma physics |
| 1982 |
Wilson, Jr., Edgar BrightEdgar Bright Wilson, Jr. | Physics | Contributions to the understanding of molecular structure and dynamics |
| 1984 |
Neufeld, Elizabeth F.Elizabeth F. Neufeld | Life Science | For investigation of genetics of mucopolysaccharide storage disease |
| 1985 |
Clayton, Robert N.Robert N. Clayton | Engineering | For the application of mass spectrometry to geoscience research |
| 1985 |
Sakharov, AndreiAndrei Sakharov | Physics | For contributions to controlled thermonuclear reactions, baryon synthesis and proton decay, induced gravity and the quark model |
| 1986 |
Kadanoff, Leo P.Leo P. Kadanoff | Physics | For contributions to the current understanding of second order phase transition |
| 1987 |
Binnig, GerdGerd Binnig | Physics | For development of the scanning tunneling microscope |
| 1987 |
Rohrer, HeinrichHeinrich Rohrer | Physics | For the development of scanning tunneling microscope |
| 1988 |
Drickamer, Harry G.Harry G. Drickamer | Engineering | For clarification of the role of pressure in producing paramagnetic-ferromagnetic and conductor-insulator transitions |
| 1989 |
Lorenz, Edward NortonEdward Norton Lorenz | Physics | For interpretation of dynamical chaos in physical systems |
| 1990 |
Scully, Marlan O.Marlan O. Scully | Physics | For his discoveries in laser physics and quantum optics, atomic and statistical physics, and biological engineering |
| 1991 |
Aharonov, YakirYakir Aharonov | Physics | For observations of electromagnetic potentials and insights into quantum mechanics |
| 1991 |
Bohm, DavidDavid Bohm | Physics | For elevated electromagnetic potentials to status of physical observables |
| 1992 |
Tsui, Lap-CheeLap-Chee Tsui | Life Science | For the discovery of the cystic fibrosis gene |
| 1995 |
Caruthers, Marvin H.Marvin H. Caruthers | Life Science | For his contributions in automating the synthesis of DNA oligonucleotides |
| 1995 |
Cho, Alfred Y.Alfred Y. Cho | Physics | For development and refinement of techniques of molecular beam epitaxy for use in quantum physics |
| 1997 |
Fridovich, IrwinIrwin Fridovich | Life Science | For discovering the biology of free radical reactions in living organisms |
| 1997 |
McCord, Joe MiltonJoe Milton McCord | Life Science | For discovering the biology of free radical reactions in living organisms |
References
- 1 2 3 The Franklin Institute. Donors of the Medals and their histories. The Elliott Cresson Medal - Founded in 1848 - Gold Medal. Retrieved on July 13, 2009. Archived May 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ The Franklin Institute. Awards. About the Awards: History and Facts, Retrieved on July 13, 2009.
- ↑ The Franklin Institute. Winners. Cresson Medal winners. Note that the 269 listed awardees include two different entries for Lee DeForest, with different spellings of his name. DeForest received only one medal, in 1923. Retrieved on July 13, 2009. Archived February 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Franklin Institute. Journal of the Franklin Institute, Pergamon Press, 1898, page 210. "The Econometer: A Gas Balance for Indicating Continuously the Proportion of Carbonic Acid Gas in the Flow of Furnace Gases"
- ↑ "Elmer Sperry Dies. Famous Inventor". New York Times. June 17, 1930. Retrieved 2012-12-21.
In 1914, he was awarded first prize of the Aero Club of France or his airplane stabilizer; he also was the winner of two Franklin Institute Medals in 1914 and 1929; Collier Trophies, 1915, 1916; Holley Medal, 1927; John Fritz Medal, 1927; Albert Gary Medal, 1929; two decorations from the last Czar of Russia; two decorations from the Emperor of Japan, the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Sacred Treasure; and the grand prize of the Panama Exposition.
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