Diamond Fund

Daffodil Bouquet, eighteenth century, exhibited in Diamond Fund. 1971 postage stamp

Coordinates: 55°44′58″N 37°36′49″E / 55.74944°N 37.61361°E / 55.74944; 37.61361 Diamond Fund (Russian: Алмазный фонд) is a unique collection of gems, jewelry and natural nuggets, stored and exhibited in Moscow Kremlin, Russia. The Fund dates back to the Russian Crown treasury instituted by emperor Peter I of Russia in 1719.

History

Imperial treasury

Peter's gem collection, established in 1719, was later stored in the Diamond Chamber (Бриллиантовая комната) in the Winter Palace. All succeeding monarchs added their contributions to the Chamber; a 1922 study by Alexander Fersman identified 85% of all exhibits to 1719–1855 (from Peter I to Nicholas I) and only 15% for the last three emperors.

Soviet Union

Preservation, sales and looting of imperial treasures after the Russian Revolution of 1917 is a matter of controversy and speculation. The Imperial collection was moved from Saint Petersburg to Moscow during World War I; the Soviet Diamond Fund was officially established in 1922 (official site). The treasure was first exhibited to the public in November 1967. Originally a short-term show, in 1968 it became a permanent exhibition.

Russian Federation

The Russian State retains the monopoly for mining and distribution of gemstones, as set by the 1998 law "On precious metals and precious stones". Diamond Fund operations are regulated by the 1999 presidential decree (official text). The Diamond Fund is part of a larger State Fund of Precious Stones, managed by the Ministry of Finance, and accumulates the most valuable items, in particular

• All raw diamonds exceeding 50 carats (10 g)
• All cut diamonds exceeding 20 carats (4 g), cut diamonds of exceptional quality exceeding 6 carats (1.2 g)
• All raw emeralds, rubies, sapphires exceeding 30 carats (6 g) raw or 20 carats (4 g) cut
• Unique nuggets, amber, pearl and jewellery

Recent additions

• 2006 – "The Creator" (Творец), mined in Yakutia in 2004. Third largest raw diamond in the Fund, 298.48 carats (59.696 g) www.rian.ru
• 2003 – golden nugget, 33 kg
• 1989 – "Alexander Pushkin", second-largest raw diamond, 320.65 carats (64.130 g)
• 1980 – "XXVI Congress of CPSU", largest raw diamond, 342.57 carats (68.514 g)

See also (Russian): Complete list of named Yakutian diamonds, 1959–1999, official site of Alrosa mining company www.alrosa.ru

Major exhibits

Seven Historical Gems

Shah Diamond, 1971 postage stamp

• Orlov diamond (photograph) 189.62 carats (37.924 g)
• Shah diamond 88.7 carats (17.7 g), first inscription dated 1591, a gift from the Shah of Persia in 1829
• Flat portrait diamond, 25 carats (5 g)
• Red spinel, set in the Imperial Crown of Russia, 398.72 carats (79.744 g) purchased in China in 1676
• Sapphire, 260.37 carats (52.074 g) photograph
• Colombian emerald, 136.25 carats (27.250 g)
• Olive-green chrysolite, 192.6 carats (38.52 g)

Crowns of Russia

• Imperial Crown of Russia made for Catherine II, 1762

Jewellery

• The Daffodil Boucquet
• The Blue Fountain

Nuggets

• "The Great Triangle", gold, 36.2 kg, (mined in 1842 in Miass)
• "The Camel", gold, 9.28 kg
• "Mephisto", gold, 20.25 g (mined in 1944 in Kolyma)

Public access

The Diamond Fund is exhibited in the Kremlin Armoury building. For Russians it is accessible only through guided tours of fixed duration. Foreign visitors can simply buy a ticket in the lobby and go on themselves, without a tour. Tours in Russian only are organized daily, 10AM-2PM and 3-5PM at twenty minutes interval.

External links

• Russian: Official site of the Diamond fund at www.minfin.ru
• Russian: Official access timetable
• English: Travel Guide to the Kremlin Armoury and Diamond Fund
• History of the Diamond Fund from the Alexander Palace Website

Moscow Kremlin and Red Square
Kremlin Wall and Towers	Borovitskaya Vodovzvodnaya Blagoveshenskaya Tainitskaya Pervaya Bezymyannaya Vtoraya Bezymyannaya Petrovskaya Beklemishevskaya Konstantino-Eleninskaya Nabatnaya Tsarskaya Spasskaya Senatskaya Nikolskaya Uglovaya Arsenalnaya Srednyaya Arsenalnaya Troitskaya Kutafya Komendantskaya Oruzheynaya
Administrative buildings	Kremlin Senate Kremlin Arsenal Amusement Palace State Kremlin Palace Grand Kremlin Palace Terem Palace The Armory Palace of Facets Tsarina Golden Palace State Historical Museum
Churches	Cathedral of the Assumption Cathedral of the Annunciation Cathedral of the Archangel Church of Saint Ioann Lestvichnik and Ivan the Great Bell Tower Church of the Deposition of the Virgin's Robe in Vlachernon Patriarch's Palace and the Church of the Twelve Apostles Verkhospassky Cathedral and the Terem Churches Cathedral of the Intercession (of Saint Basil the Blessed) Kazan Cathedral
Squares and gardens	Red Square Ivanovskaya Square Cathedral Square Taynitsky Garden Grand Kremlin Public Garden Alexander Garden Manezhnaya Square
Monuments	Kremlin Wall Necropolis Monument to Minin and Pozharsky Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Lobnoye Mesto Tsar Cannon Tsar Bell
Other	Iberian Gate and Chapel
Former	Ascension Convent Chudov Monastery Armorial Gate Robespierre Monument Kremlin Presidium (Building 14)