Civil enforcement officer

A civil enforcement officer (CEO or colloquially traffic warden) is a person employed to enforce parking, traffic and other restrictions and laws in England & Wales. In England, they are employed by county councils, London Borough Councils, metropolitan district councils or Transport for London, and in Wales by county (borough) councils - or private companies contracted by any of the above. Until the passage of the Traffic Management Act 2004, on-street parking and traffic movement violations were enforced by non-warranted police traffic wardens employed by constabularies. Off-street parking violations were enforced by parking attendants employed by local authorities and private companies.

Powers

Civil enforcement officers may only exercise their functions when wearing a uniform authorised by the Secretary of State.^[1] They may issue Penalty Charge Notices for numerous offences, either via a hand-held device or CCTV. They may inspect and confiscate blue badges. They may interview motorists suspected of disabled badge fraud under caution.^[2][3] They may immobilise vehicles.^[4] Penalty charge notices are not criminal proceedings, and failure to pay will result in certificated bailiffs serving warrants of execution.^[5] They may issue penalties for several moving violations, among them driving in bus lanes, executing prohibited turns and driving the wrong way on a one way system. They may penalize for failure to display valid road tax.^[6] Increasingly civil enforcement officers employed by some authorities issue fixed penalties for non-traffic offences using the Community Protection scheme of the Police Reform Act 2002.^[7] This range of offences include environmental crime such as fly-tipping and spitting, as well as anti-social behaviour like noise violations and truancy, in addition to issuing tickets for parking and traffic violations.^[8]

Belgium

In Belgium, municipalities use Stadswacht(en) (City Guard(s)); these public but civil officials can be compared to civil enforcement officers and can only write reports that are sent to a magistrate who decides if according to the findings of the guards report a fine will be issued. In Belgium Stadswachten can be recognized by the purple jackets they wear.

The Netherlands

In the Netherlands municipalities used Stadswachten (City Guards) until 2004, these officers were public civil servants who patrolled the city but had no power to fine civilians. These days Stadswachten do not exist anymore and the Guard departments were changed in to Handhaving (Enforcement) units. Unlike the British City Wardens, Handhavers (Enforcers) do not have civil status but are fully public officials and have limited police powers, all these officers are sworn BOA (Special Enforcement Officer) and have the powers to detain people to confirm their identity, search people for proof of identification or offensive or dangerous weapons (if arrested), investigate offences and certain crimes, issue fixed penalties, make warrantless arrests and use force with or without the use of weapons (baton, pepperspray). Most municipal enforcement officers (BOA) are equipped with handcuffs. Some cities also issue police batons to their officers. According to Dutch law some BOA's can be equipped with pepperspray (City of Utrecht and Amsterdam in 2016) and a handgun (City of EDE and Enschede) if the necessity is proven by the city council and mayor. Also BOA's working for the Dutch Correctional Services (Dienst Vervoer en Ondersteuning) who do transportation and guard duty for the Dutch Prisons are equipped with baton, pepperspray and a handgun. They also support the Dutch police force whenever and where ever it is needed. Failure to comply with an order given by a BOA can result in arrest. In 2014 the justice department ordered the creation of a national style uniform for Boa's employed by municipalities. Until that date every city had its own uniform. The new uniform is based on the National police uniform but with a totally different color and unique element. The name used in this uniform is HANDHAVING and consist of a navy blue cargo pants, two colored polo shirts (navy and kbaly blue) with a checkered band across the chest. On the chest and on the back is the text "Handhaving" and on the sleeves are BOA patches which consist of a hand holding a scepter in front of a shield. Further more officers wear Spanish style police caps with a checker band and a metal BOA insignia on the front. Officers are allowed to wear high shoes with trouser legs twisted above them. Some cities issue officer anti stab vest in the same colors as the polo shits although a few cities use hi visibility yellow vests. An majority of large cities also use BOA bike patrol, motorcycle units (Amsterdam and Rotterdam), vehicle patrols in marked cars or plain clothes officers.

See also

http://civilenforcementofficer.co.uk/

External links

Look up civil enforcement officer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.