Chejarla
| Chejarla చేజెర్ల Cherumjarla, Chejerla | |
|---|---|
| historical village | |
|
Chejarla Kapoteswara temple | |
  Chejarla  Chejarla Location in Andhra Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 16°18′59″N 79°50′58″E / 16.31639°N 79.84944°ECoordinates: 16°18′59″N 79°50′58″E / 16.31639°N 79.84944°E | |
| Country |
 India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Guntur District |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Vehicle registration | AP 7 |
| Nearest city | Guntur |
Chejarla (also Cezarla or Chejerla[1]) is a village situated at a distance of 15 miles (24 km) west of Narasaraopet in Nekarikallu Mandal of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh. There is a good metalled road for a part of the way and for the rest one can reach the village only by Jeep or by bus. From Narasaraopet every hour one bus is available. Nearest railway station is Narasarao pet.
History
The village stands in the plains and is surrounded by a rocky hills and is covered by scrub jungle. The temple here is dedicated to Lord Siva and dates to the 4th or 5th century AD.[2] The deity is called Kapotheswara.[3]
Buddhism
This story is a renowned one not only, in Hindu mythology, but also in the Buddhist Jataka tales, which give us the lives of Siddhartha, the Buddha, in his previous Janmas.
The Sibi Jataka is as hoary and sacred to the Buddhist, as an embodiment of 'Saranagata vatsala', as Sibi Chakravarti is to the Hindu, as a supreme symbol of 'Raja Dharma' which enjoins a king to protect the refugee even at the cost of his own life. It was a Buddhist Monastery later converted to an Hindu Shrine as per Historical evidences found.[4]
Hinduism
This is probably the only temple in the whole of India dedicated to Lord Siva as Kapotheswara. The deity is in Lingakara. Siva is here represented as Kapotheswara, who gave a portion of his own body in order to save a pigeon that took refuge with him.Curiously, in the imago of the Linga there are even today large cavities as if portions have been scooped or cut out, and these are said to be the places of the body, from which the Lord cut off his own flesh, in order to save the life of the Kapotha.
The image is said to be the image of the 'Kalebara' of Sibi, with the head cut off, and on top of the Linga, there are still two large vertical cavities. One of these cavities helps to drain off the Abhisheka Tirtha to an unknown place and even today the smell of raw flesh and blood comes out of this since the God here is a very powerful one. The temple is of the greatest importance to us from the point of view of temple architecture. There are, as is well known, three types of temple architecture.
Apsidal Temple
The temple of Chezerla is a rare exception and this is a temple on the Apsidal model. This Apsidal plan and barrel vaulted structure, is classified in the VastuSastras, as 'Hasti prasta' or elephant back. These were originally Buddhist Chaityas and were readjusted for the purpose of Hindu worship, by the introduction of internal walls and upper store to seclude the Garbha Griha from the rest of the building. The end of the temple takes the form of an apse and in its centre is a white marble Linga.
The fact that the temple is sacred to Buddhism and Hinduism and is built in a unique style, the temple must have come into existence, at a period of mutual tolerance between Hinduism and Buddhism. A famous inscription[5] in the temple further supports this.
Mythological Importance
In Kashmir, one of the largest and richest of the ancient kingdoms of India, a king named Sibi Chakravarti, son of Mandhata and grandson of Yayati Maharaja, who were famous kings of the Mahabharata, was ruling the world peacefully and justly. He had two brothers named Mehadambara and Jeemutavahana.
One day Mehadam- bara asked Sibi to give him permission to go on a pilgrimage to all the sacred places, shrines and rivers of South India. The king was much pleased with the piety of this brother, and not merely gave him the permission gladly, but also made arrange- ments for a retinue of one thousand and five hundred persoils to accompany him. Mehadambara visited a number of holy places and Tirthas, and at last came to a place called "Cherum Chorla" where many yogis were doing tapascharya in the caves of a hill called Devarakonda.
Mehadambara was so moved by the piety of the yogis, that he stayed away from the place for a long time, spending his days in Satsanga, with the yogis. He thereby lost all interest in worldly affairs, and he himself began to renounce the World and take to yoga and tapascharya. Some time later is died and his body was buried on the summit of the hill. Due to his tapascharya his body would not perish, and assumed the form of a linga.
The people who saw this, built a shrine Upon it and called the linga Mehadam- bheswara. The retinue of the prince who came along with him went back to Kashmir and told the story to king Sibi.
The King became very sad and consulted with his younger brother. Thereupon Jeemutavahana started with an equal number of escorts in order to somehow bring back his brother. After spending many days on the way, Jeemutavahana reached "Cherum Chorla" and when be verified that his brother has been converted into a linga, he too decided to follow his footsteps., He dismissed his escort and sat as a yogi in tapascharya. The force of his penance was so great that his body reached Kailasa.
The retinue once again went back to Kashmir and informed the king, Sibi that his brother Jeemutavahana also had gone the same way as his other brother Mehadambara. The king now fell into a deep sorrow over the loss of both of his brothers, and handed over the kingdom to his ministers who were instructed to govern the kingdom carefully for some months, so that he himself might visit the place.
The king ultimately reached the place, and on seeing the 'Linga sareeram' of his brother, he determined to perform a hundred Yajnas, since the place was so holy and hallowed, that he considered it to be the fittest place for the performance of a hundred Yajnas. If a devotee completes hundred Yajnas, the merit that he would get by it, would entitle him to reach the realm of Brahma. Hence the Gods decided to test whether King Sibi was really pious and steadfast in his devotion, and whether be had that amount of mental detachment, that is necessary for attaining the realm of Gods.
The three Gods, Brahma, Rudra and Vishnu descended to Bhuloka at a spot called Rupanaguntla, which was named so, since the three murthis made themselves visible to the mortal world at that place. They then transformed themselves, Lord Siva as a hunter, Lord Brahma as an arrow, and Lord Vishnu as the bird 'Kapotha pakshi ' Lord Siva as a hunter with his arrow, ran and jumped about. Desiring to shoot the bird. The bird, however, flew rapidly and found refuge in the hands of the king Sibi, seeking his protection. At that time, Sibi was doing his hundredth yajna.
The hunter thereupon appeared before King Sibi and told him thus: "My Lord, I am a hunter who according to my Dharma has to live on the flesh of birds and animals. I have since, this morning been pursuing the bird to whom you have just now given refuge. I am hungry and thirsty and since according to my Dharma I am to live on flesh, please release the bird, so that I may kill it and cat it." The king Sibi replied, that his Raja Dharma was to give protection to any one, who sought refuge with him, and that it would not be possible for him to release the bird. Thereupon the hunter remonstrated that the king's Dharma and his Swadharma were at variance and he asked the king himself to find a solution for it.
The king saw the justice of the demand of the hunter, and told him that he would not renounce his Dharma, but at the same time he would not allow the hunter to starve and therefore, as a compromise he would give flesh from his own body, equal in weight to that of the bird. Thereupon Sibi placed the bird on one scale and with his own bands tore off portions of his body, and placed them in the other scale. Since this incident occurred because the Lords wanted to test Sibi's sincerity, any amount of flesh from the body of Sibi would not balance the weight of the bird.
There upon King Sibi procured a long knife, and cut his body into two pieces and had one half placed on the scale. The three Lords, Brahma, Rudra and Vishnu assumed their real shapes and appeared before Sibi and restored his yajna and also his life. Lord Sibi desired the place of Kailasa for himself, and for the escort who had followed him and endured with him the hardship of the tapascharya, and also desired that all their bodies should be transformed into lingas to remain for ever In the holy and sacred "Cherum Chorla" Kshetra.
Lord Siva granted these requests and the bodies of Sibi and his followers were transformed into Lingas. A temple was erected over Sibi's Linga under the name 'Kapotheswara' since he gave up his life in support of a Kapotha bird. In support of the legend, it is still pointed out that the white marble Linga has two large holes on the top and small sword marks on the sides. The place Chezerla is full of Sivalingas and these are said to represent the Lingakara. Sareeras of Lord Sibi's escort.
Festivals
The main festival of this temple is the Sivarathri festival, and the other festivals, which are usually conducted in other Saivite temples, are also observed here, though on a small scale. The temple, though it is slightly off the main road, is still a famous one from the points of view of antiquity, architecture and sanctity. As stated above this is perhaps the only extant temple in India of the Lord Siva as 'Kapotheswara.' The Lord is also said to is a powerful one and the local legends state that any prayer that is done with sincerity and purity is generally granted here.
Map
Refer wikimapia link for the above described geographies:http://wikimapia.org/#lat=16.316433&lon=79.8496476&z=19&l=0&m=b
References
- ↑ there is another Chejerla in Nellore District
- ↑ Reddy, Krishna, Indian History Tata McGraw-Hill, 2006.
- ↑ "Guntur Culture | Guntur History". World66.com. 2007-02-27. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
- ↑ "Select Andhra Temples : Dr.M.R.Rao : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive". Archive.org. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
- ↑ whatisindia.com (2007-03-06). "South Indian Inscriptions Volume_16 - Telugu Inscriptions of the Vijayanagara Dynasty @". Whatisindia.com. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
- This article is based on this World66 article, which is licensed under a Creative Commons license.