Charles Schroeter

Charles Schroeter
Born (1837-07-04)July 4, 1837
Lüneburg, Kingdom of Hanover, Germany
Died January 27, 1921(1921-01-27) (aged 83)
San Diego, California
Buried at Miramar National Cemetery San Diego, California
Allegiance United States United States of America
Union
Service/branch Union Army 1863–1865
United States Army 1866–1876
United States Marine Corps 1876–1881
United States Army 1881–1894
Rank Sergeant
Unit Medal of Honor with Company G of 8th United States Cavalry 1869
Battles/wars American Civil War
Battle at Chiricahua Mountains(MOH)
American Indian Wars
Awards Medal of Honor

Charles Schroeter (July 4, 1837 – January 27, 1921) was a United States Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the American Indian Wars, while serving with Company G, 8th Regiment of the United States Cavalry. A German immigrant, his military career spanned thirty-one years, from 1863 to 1894, during which he also saw action in the American Civil War. He also served a tour of duty in the United States Marine Corps.[1] After retirement from the military, he became a merchant.[2]

Biography

While listed repeatedly as being born in Lindberg (which is in Bavaria) and also Hanover both in present-day Germany, it is more likely he was born in Lüneburg in the Kingdom of Hanover in 1837. "Lüneburg" is pronounced "Lümborg" in Low German and influenced by the Germanic umlaut or linguistic mark. English speakers may have heard and written it as "Lindberg" or "Lindbergh". Later records cite 4 July 1837 as his birthday. His parents names are unknown.[2]

Charles Schroeter came to America in 1860 on the German passenger ship Bremen. The ship had picked up passengers at Hanover and Bremen, in Germany, before arriving in New York City on 12 November 1860. He was listed as a merchant. The ship then proceeded to New Orleans.[3]

He found work in New Orleans then moved upriver to St. Louis before hostilities broke out. After his service in the Civil War and his career in the military, he opened "a retail confectionery and cigar store" with "E.L. Hoopes" after moving to Buffalo, New York, in 1894. He was cited in an 1898 Erie County biography as "a successful and prominent citizen, with a long and honorable career, his worth has been duly recognized."[4]

He was noted about 5' 6" tall, weighed 135 lbs., with light brown eyes, black hair, and a fair complexion. His military records vary from 5' 4" to 5' 6 1/4" in height. His eye color varies from hazel, to light brown in those same records. His complexion was always listed as fair or ruddy. The variations in the records are not uncommon in the 1800s since each individual officer processing the enlistment had no standard manner, place, light or equipment to make accurate measurement.[5]

Charles G. Schroeter reportedly never married or had any children. In 1918, he moved to San Diego, California.[1] He died there on 27 January 1921 at age 83.[6][7]

Military service

Map of Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War, featuring only the major battles

Civil War

On 15 March 1863, Charles Schroeter was mustered into the 1st Volunteer Missouri Cavalry Regiment, 1st Battalion, Company A under Captain Stierlin as a private. His enlistment papers were signed on 27 February 1863. He was mustered out as a private in Company C at Little Rock, Arkansas, on 1 September 1865.[8][9]

Schroeter and his fellow cavalry soldiers in the 1st Battalion served, conducted operations and fought (with the exceptions to Companies A and C cited below) in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War in the following specific areas as cited in "A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, V. III" by Frederick H. Dyer, 1908, pages 1301–1302.

The Grand Army of the Republic badge. Authorized by the U.S. Congress to be worn on the uniform by Union Army veterans.[10]

1866–1871

8th US Cavalry Coat of Arms
A computer generated reproduction of the insignia of the Union Army cavalry branch. The insignia is displayed in gold and consists of two sheathed swords crossing over each other at a 45 degree angle pointing upwards
United States Cavalry branch insignia

Following the Civil War, Schroeter worked briefly as a clerk, until 9 August 1866 when he reenlisted in the United States Army at St. Louis, Missouri. Being sworn in by Captain Bates as a private,[11] he was assigned to the 8th Cavalry Regiment and Company (later Troop) G. He fought Cochise and the Chiricahua Apaches during a battle at Rocky Mesa in the Chiricahua Mountains on October 20, 1869, earning the Medal of Honor for Gallantry in Action. This engagement was caused by an earlier attack (5 October) on a stagecoach that killed two civilians and four soldiers traveling as passengers to Tucson, Arizona and an attack on a group of cowboys in the Sulphur Springs Valley by Apache Indians.[1][12][13]

U.S. Medal of Honor version given from 1862 to 1895.

A detachment of 66 men of the 1st Cavalry Regiment and 61 men of Company G under Lieutenant John Lafferty of the 8th Cavalry had tracked the Apaches into the Chiricahua Mountains and eventually to an engagement what some called the "Campaign of the Rocky Mesa." The combined troops were led by Captain Reuben F. Bernard of the 1st Cavalry. The cool overcast day became "a miserable day, cold with rain and hail, when the cavalrymen attacked." The Apaches were well entrenched and defending behind rocks and boulders near the top of a ridge. The soldiers had to climb a defile or a steep-sided and narrow passage of loose slick rocks to go over and around as they moved up toward the top of the mesa. More than one fell due to the weather conditions. Under these deplorable conditions Schroeter and his fellow soldiers advanced upwards toward the hostile Indians.[2]

Captain Bernard noted in his report: "These men are they who advanced with me up the steep and rocky mesa under as heavy a fire as I ever saw delivered from the number of men, Indians, say from one hundred to two hundred. These men advanced under this fire until within thirty steps from the Indians when they came to a ledge of rocks where every man who showed his head was shot at by several Indians at once. Here the men remained and did good shooting through the crevices of the rocks until ordered to fall back which was done by running from rock to rock where they would halt and return the fire of the Indians."[14][15]

As darkness fell, Schroeter with other cavalrymen were ordered to withdraw. They did so in good order individually and in small groups taking their wounded with them down the dangerous slick slopes under enemy fire. Some would provide covering fire while others retreated a short distance, then the process would repeat. Schroeter's commanding officer, Lt. Lafferty, in trying to recover dead soldiers was shot in the mouth destroying his lower left jaw. The entire action cost an likely over estimated 15 to 18 Apache lives and two confirmed soldiers dead with about 4 or 5 (accounts differ) wounded troopers.[2] Schroeter completed his first tour of duty as a private with F Company, 8th Cavalry Regiment on 9 August 1871 while at Fort Selden in New Mexico.[11]

1871–1876

He was reenlisted by Captain Brown on 7 October 1871 at St. Louis, Missouri as a soldier. He is listed as being born at Hanover, Germany, now age 34. He description was noted as Hazel eyes, black hair and fair complexion with his height as 5' 6 1/4". The 1st Infantry Regiment campaigned against the Sioux in the 1870s while Schroeter was with them.[16] He completed his second enlistment as a Sergeant with C Company, 1st Infantry Regiment, while stationed at Fort Sully, Dakota Territory on 7 October 1876. His character was listed as "excellent."[17]

1877–1881

United States Marine Corps Globe and Anchor.
USS Alliance at anchor.

Schroeter traveled to Washington, D.C., and on 2 November 1877 he was sworn into the United States Marine Corps. Private Schroeter reported aboard USS Alliance in March 1877. He was one of the 26 Marines aboard that screw gunboat. Deployed in Mediterranean Schroeter with his shipmates called at many ship ports for the next three years. Corporal Schroeter was discharged from the Marine Corps on 2 November 1881.[2][notes 1]

When Marine Private Schroeter went aboard the USS Alliance, she was a new ship built in 1875. She had been commissioned on 18 January 1877 with Commander Theordore F. Kane as Captain. On 9 March she sailed to join the European Squadron with the mission of protecting American lives and property, and showing the American flag. The Alliance was based at Ville-franche, France, where, with the persmission of the French Government, the United States maintained a supply depot.[18]

Soon after arrival in Europe, the Russo-Turkish War broke out, and Schroeter and his fellow ship mates were sent to Salonika, on the Greek coast, and thence to Smyrna.[18] The duty was tedious and boring and discipline was maintained through a strict training regime. Close order drills, abandon ship drills, fire drills, repel boarder drills and cleaning and repairs occupied most of Schroeter's time over the next ten months. "Spit and polish" was often the mantra aboard such US Navy ships.[19]

USS Franklin

In February 1878, the Alliance became Rear Admiral William E. Le Roy's flagship. The Alliance then sailed for Piraeus in Greece, the port for Athens. During ex-President Grant's stay in Greece the Alliance "rendered honors" to him on 13 March. A few weeks later while at Piraeus, the ship received the King and Queen of Greece. They "remained a considerable time on board" aboard the Alliance which was the flagship for the US Navy flotilla. The King and Queen on their departure were "honored with the usual ceremonies as upon their arrival" on 26 March. Whether Schroeter and his fellow Marines were impressed by such honored company is open to debate.[18]

The Alliance sailed from the Eastern Mediterranean to beyond the Western end into Algiers and back to Villefranche visiting ports along the way. She then repeated the process and such was the routine until late 1879. She reached Boston on 8 December 1879 then sailed for Norfolk the following day, arriving there on the 14th. For the next five months, the ship lay under repairs at Norfolk. Schroeter and the other Marines were sent ashore for other duties.[18]

Schroeter became a hospital guard until being assigned to the USRS Franklin. The Franklin had been a Civil War screw frigate until retired from active service on 2 March 1877. She was then re-commissioned as a receiving ship, which was also known as a "barracks ship."[20] He was transferred to the Marine Barracks in Norfolk on 24 October 1881 where he was honorably discharged 4 November 1881 from the USMC.[21]

Schroeter was promoted to corporal on 26 April 1881 while aboard the USRS Franklin.[20]

10th Infantry Regiment Coat of Arms.

1881–1886

Schroeter volunteered for his fourth tour of duty as a soldier on 14 November 1881 and is listed by a Captain Craig as being of "Ft. Porter" near Porter, New York.[notes 2] His birth is listed as Hanover, Germany, age 43. He had brown hair, brown eyes and fair complexion. His height is provided as 5' 6 1/4". He served with the 10th Infantry Regiment in G Company as a Sergeant until his expiration of service on 13 November 1886 while at the "camp on the Mesa Uncompahgre" in Colorado. He was described as being of excellent character.[11]

1886–1891

9th Infantry Regiment Coat of Arms.

Schroeter's fifth enlistment as a regular soldier started on 24 November 1886 at Denver, Colorado, as written by Lieutenant Borden. His place of birth is recorded as Hanover, Germany, now age 48, his eyes brown, hair brown, ruddy complexion with a height of 5' 6 1/4". He served with the 9th Infantry Regiment, in C Company. The record shows this as his sixth enlistment, if his service in the Missouri volunteers during the Civil War is included. For many "Post Returns" or monthly roster reports, Schroeter was listed as a clerk serving with the headquarters company.[22]

Schroeter was discharged on 23 November 1891 while at Whipple Barracks, Arizona Territory, as a Corporal. His character was listed as "excellent."[11]

1891–1894

Schroeter began his sixth regular tour of duty or his "enlistment 7" counting his Civil War Service, on 24 November 1891 while still at Whipple Barracks going back into C Company of the 9th Infantry Regiment. He was sworn in by Lieutenant McNutt, and now is age 53. He is listed as bring born in Hanover, Germany with brown eyes, brown hair "N. Fair" complexion. He is listed as 5' 5 3/4" tall.[11]

Under "Special Order 242, A.Y.O.-94" Charles Schroeter was formally retired from the United States Army as a Sergeant.[11]

Schroeter, during his 30 years and 7 months of active service, is noted as having "sustained saber cuts on both arms and his left side, two saber cuts above his left ear, a bullet wound, and another wound on the back of his neck."[2]

Post military

Standard image of masonic square and compasses
The Masonic Square and Compasses

Schroeter settled in Buffalo, New York, founding and becoming the senior partner of "the firm Schroeter & Hoopes, dealers in cigars, tobacco and confectionery."[4] His partner was Edwin Lewis Hoopes (also cited as Elwin Hoopes and Elwin Hooper in various records), another Civil War veteran. Schroeter became a member of the Grand Army of the Republic (William Richardson Post Number 254[4]) and a Freemason.[2]

In the 1900 US Census he is enumerated as being born in July 1837 in Germany. He is listed as single and as a "boarder" living with the Hoopes family.[23] In the 1910 US Census[24] and both the 1905 and 1915 New York State Census he is at the same location and still a boarder with the Hoopes (Hoopers).[25]

Schroeter's partner Edwin Hoopes died in 1913, but Schroeter continued to live with Edwin's son Charles L. Hoopes. Schroeter wrote a will in 1915 naming Elizabeth Hoopes, the daughter of Charles, as his beneficiary.[2][notes 3][26][27]

After the selling of his business, Schroeter moved to San Diego, California, with Charles Hoopes' family in 1918.[1] While he is enumerated as living on 4027 Ingalls Street in the City of San Diego during the 1920 US Census, San Diego City directories (1919, 1920 & 1921) show the Hoopes family lived at 4027 Jackdaw Street. The census street designation is likely in error. His age is noted as age 86 (should be 82), single and boarding with the same Hoopes family he was with in New York.[28]

Death and reburial

Grave marker of Charles Schroeter - Medal of Honor- Section 3-1052 - Miramar National Cemetery

In January 1921 Schroeter died aged 83 still living with the Hoopes (Hooper) family in San Diego.[6] His will stated he wished his remains to be cremated and then interred locally under a pre-paid burial policy. A local Masonic Lodge (#35) held a memorial ceremony for him and placed a small obituary notice in the San Diego Union newspaper. No family members were found during a lengthy probate search conducted by the City that was closed in 1931, ten years after his death.[29] More than a decade after his death, his remains were still not claimed. His cremains were placed in an unmarked pauper crypt with other unclaimed remains at Greenwood Memorial Park in San Diego.[1]

About 2005, the Congressional Medal of Honor Society, whose members are Medal of Honor holders, tasked its Foundation to find the graves of several hundred missing Medal of Honor recipients. The mission of the Congressional Medal of Honor Foundation is to promote the Medal of Honor legacy, values and what it stands for.[29][30] Laura Jowdy, an archivist with the Congressional Medal of Honor Society, conducted the primary research on Schroeter. As did the Congressional Medal of Honor Society of the United States under Don Morfe.[2] Jowdy is quoted as saying, about Schroeter and other missing Medal of Honor dead, "It's important for these brave individuals not to be forgotten." Her research with the CMOHS on his service led the investigation to San Diego in 2010.[2][29]

Captain Bill Heard, USNR retired, the Miramar National Cemetery Support Foundation's Public Information Officer, with the Congressional Medal of Honor Society, conducted local research for the unmarked burial location. With assistance of the San Diego History Center archivist, Jane Kenealy, Schroeter's remains were found in an unmarked crypt at Greenwood Memorial Park.[2]

Don Morfe of the Medal of Honor Historical Society of the United States provided a "commemorative plaque to mark the location of the remains".[31] Heard was then instrumental in convincing the National Cemetery Administration that the Charles G. Schroeter who died in 1921 was the same Charles Schroeter who received the Medal of Honor in 1870 for his actions in 1869.[2][32][33] In 2013, that Foundation sent a Medal of Honor plaque to the cemetery for placement with his remains. Cemetery staff were unaware of they had a Medal of Honor recipient until that point of time.[1] Following receipt of the plaque, Cathy Fiorelli, director of Greenwood Memorial Park who also serves on the board of the Miramar cemetery's foundation, decided that Schroeter should be buried at a national cemetery as it seemed "...more befitting, proper and appropriate as the final resting place for a war veteran and Medal of Honor recipient."[1]

Miramar National Cemetery Foundation Director Charles Bailey submitted the first request to transfer the remains of Charles Schroeter. After providing more details and facts, the second formal request by Bailey was successfully submitted. Fiorelli then filed a request to transfer the remains to Miramar National Cemetery, which was approved.[1][2]

On July 8, 2015, Schroeter's remains were escorted from Greenwood Memorial Park to the new (dedicated 2010) Miramar National Cemetery by Patriot Guard Riders.[34] The following day, 9 July 2015, a somber military ceremony took place as Schroeter was reburied with full military honors. A horse-drawn hearse carried his remains with an honor guard of thirty soldiers from the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment from Fort Irwin, California. Also present were flag bearing Patriot Guard Riders, two living Medal of Honor recipients, Civil War re-enactors, and an Army band with a few military and cemetery officials providing their respects. Standing in for the family, Douglas Ledbetter, Director of Miramar National Cemetery, was presented the American flag that covered Schroeter's remains.[1][34]

Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Private, Company G, 8th U.S. Cavalry.
Place and date: At Chiricahua Mountains, Ariz., October 20, 1869.
Birth: Lindberg, Germany
Date of issue: February 14, 1870.

Citation: The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Private Charles Schroeter, United States Army, for gallantry in action on 20 October 1869, while serving with Company G, 8th U.S. Cavalry, in action at Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona Territory.[35]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ At the same general time period, another "Charles Schroeter" joined the U.S. Army on 27 May 1878 while in New York City, New York. The information entered by Capt. Cheffield, shows his birth as in Saxony, Germany, Age 38, a merchant, with blue eyes, dark hair, ruddy complexion, and being 5' 3" high. This Charles Schroeter deserted on 8 November 1878 while at Jefferson Barracks. It appears the Schroeter of this article was a victim of identity theft.
  2. ↑ Civil War friend named Edwin L. Hoopes and later business partner was living in the Porter area. It is likely he was visiting before he joined the US Army.
  3. ↑ Elizabeth Hoopes was born 8 Jan 1903 in New York and received four year college degree and became a Junior High School teacher. After 1940 she married and apparently later divorced a Marvin W. Oliver (1919 New Mexico – 1992 New Mexico) because he re-married during her lifetime. She retained her married name and died on 18 June 1994 in San Diego. She has no known descendants.

Relative?

A likely relative, an uncle or cousin assumed by similarity of information, named Carl August T.(not F.) "Charles" Schroeter was born in October 1828 in Braunschweig the Duchy of Brunswick some 70 kilometers from the city of Hanover. He died on 25 August 1915 at Nauvoo, in Hancock County, Illinois.[36][37] His wife Caroline was born March 1824 in Hanover. They married in 1851 in Texas or Missouri and had three biological children who died in infancy.[38] One adopted daughter (Betenie) would be raised to adulthood, marry and after having two daughters, die in childbirth. No further reference to her children is noted.[39]

This "Charles" likely served in I Company of the 8th Infantry Regiment from 9 November 1849 to 7 November 1854. His description is listed as 5' 7" tall with hazel eyes, brown hair with a fair complexion. He enlisted in New York and ended his service at Fort Bliss, Texas as a Sergeant.[40]

This "Charles" is listed as Charles A. F. Schroeder/Schroeter in Civil War service records, age 33, was the Sergeant Schroeter who enlisted in the Union Army on 1 August 1861 and was mustered in on 6 August 1861 at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri with the 1st Missouri Volunteer Cavalry Regiment in Company A under Captain Henry J. Stierlin. His home of record was listed as St. Louis, Missouri.[41] This "Charles" was discharged while serving as a Sergeant on 7 March 1863 at St. Louis by the order of Brigadier General John Davidson.[8] Charles Schroeter (the subject of this sketch), born about 1837, enlisted as a private in the same company and regiment on 27 February 1863 and was mustered in on 15 Mar 1863.[8][9]

In the 1860 Business Directory of St. Louis, there are two Charles Schroeters listed.[42]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Julie Watson, Associated Press (2015). "Civil War-era soldier gets full honors, burial at San Diego national cemetery". Military. FOX News Network, LLC. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Bill Heard, Public Information Officer (2015). "BORN ON THE FOURTH OF JULY". Press kit release – Sgt. Charles Schroeter. Miramar National Cemetery. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
  3. ↑ Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. (2010). "Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York, New York, 1820–1897". Ancestry.com. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Retrieved 12 July 2015. Source Citation: Year: 1860; Arrival: New York, New York; Microfilm Serial: M237, 1820–1897; Microfilm Roll: Roll 206; Line: 3; List Number: 1086 Source Information: Ancestry.com. New York, Passenger Lists, 1820–1957 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Original data: Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York, New York, 1820–1897. Microfilm Publication M237, 675 rolls. NAI: 6256867. Records of the U.S. Customs Service, Record Group 36. National Archives at Washington, D.C.
  4. 1 2 3 White, Truman (1898). "Our County and Its People: A Descriptive Work on Erie County, New York, Volume 2". Boston history Company. Retrieved July 24, 2015. Page 141-142.
  5. ↑ FamilySearch.org (2015). "United States Registers of Enlistment in the U.S. Army (FamilySearch Historical Records) 1798-1914". FamilySearch.org. Retrieved August 9, 2015. Collection Citation: "United States, Registers of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914." Database with Images. FamilySearch. http://FamilySearch.org : accessed 2015. Citing NARA microfilm publication M233. Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.
  6. 1 2 Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. (2013). "California Death Records – Charles G. Schroeter". California Death Records. Ancestry.com. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Retrieved July 12, 2015. NOTE: Source Information: Ancestry.com. California, Death Index, 1905–1939 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013. Original data: California Department of Health and Welfare. California Vital Records-Vitalsearch (www.vitalsearch-worldwide.com). The Vitalsearch Company Worldwide, Inc., Pleasanton, California. Page 9726 – State file 3148.
  7. ↑ California Department of Health and Welfare. California Vital Records- (2013). "California, Death Index, 1905–1939". Ancestry.com. Retrieved July 13, 2015. Source: Ancestry.com. California, Death Index, 1905–1939 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013. Original data: California Department of Health and Welfare. California Vital Records-Vitalsearch (www.vitalsearch-worldwide.com). The Vitalsearch Company Worldwide, Inc., Pleasanton, California. 9726 – State file 3148
  8. 1 2 3 Missouri Digital Heritage (2007). "1St REGIMENT CAVALRY VOLUNTEERS". Missouri Office of the Secretary of State • Missouri State Library • Missouri State Archives • The State Historical Society of Missouri. Retrieved July 12, 2015. NOTE: A Schroeter is listed three times but only two are the same person. The exception is Charles A. F. Schroeter, he is a possible relative. These records also refer to the National Archives and Records Administration; Carded Records Showing Military Service of Soldiers Who Fought in Volunteer Organizations During the American Civil War, compiled 1890–1912, documenting the period 1861–1866; Catalog ID: 300398; Record Group #: 94; Roll #: 724.
  9. 1 2 3 Frederick H. Dyer (1908). "MISSOURI VOLUNTEER FORCES IN THE CIVIL WAR with Federal Service (UNION): lst REGIMENT MO CAVALRY.". "A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, V.III". The Civil War Archive (on line). Retrieved July 13, 2015.
  10. ↑ 10 U.S.C. § 1123
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. (2010). "U.S. Army, Register of Enlistments, 1798–1914". Ancestry.com. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Retrieved 12 July 2015. Source Information: Ancestry.com. U.S. Army, Register of Enlistments, 1798–1914 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Register of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798–1914; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M233, 81 rolls); Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1780’s-1917, Record Group 94; National Archives, Washington, D.C.
  12. ↑ McChristian, Douglas C. Fort Bowie, Arizona: Combat Post of the Southwest, 1858–1894. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006. ISBN 0-8061-3781-9
  13. ↑ Manning, Robert, ed. Above and Beyond: A History of the Medal of Honor from the Civil War to Vietnam. Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1985. (pg. 325) ISBN 0-939526-19-0
  14. ↑ O'Neal, Bill. Fighting Men of the Indian Wars: A Biographical Encyclopedia of the Mountain Men, Soldiers, Cowboys, and Pioneers Who Took Up Arms During America's Westward Expansion. Stillwater, Oklahoma: Barbed Wire Press, 1991. (pg. 26) ISBN 0-935269-07-X
  15. ↑ Yenne, Bill. Indian Wars: The Campaign for the American West. Yardley, Pennsylvania: Westholme Publishing, 2006. (pg. 141) ISBN 1-59416-016-3
  16. ↑ US Army (2015). "Lineage And Honors Information – 1st Infantry Regiment". U.S. ARMY CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  17. ↑ Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. (2010). "U.S. Army, Register of Enlistments, 1798–1914". Ancestry.com. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Retrieved 12 July 2015. Source Information: Ancestry.com. U.S. Army, Register of Enlistments, 1798–1914 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2007. Original data: Register of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798–1914; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M233, 81 rolls); Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1780’s-1917, Record Group 94; National Archives, Washington, D.C.
  18. 1 2 3 4 Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (2010). "U.S.S. Alliance". US Navy. Department of the Navy Naval Historical Center. Archived from the original on April 14, 2010. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  19. ↑ James C. Bradford (1997). "Quarterdeck and Bridge: Two Centuries of American Naval Leaders". Naval Institute Press. Archived from the original on April 14, 2010. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  20. 1 2 Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (2010). "U.S.S. Franklin IV (Screw Frigate)". US Navy. Department of the Navy Naval Historical Center. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  21. ↑ Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. (2007). "U.S. Marine Corps Muster Rolls, 1798–1958". Ancestry.com. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Retrieved 24 July 2015. Source Information: Ancestry.com. U.S. Marine Corps Muster Rolls, 1798–1958 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Muster Rolls of the U.S. Marine Corps, 1798–1892. Microfilm Publication T1118, 123 rolls. ARC ID: 922159. Records of the U.S. Marine Corps, Record Group 127; National Archives in Washington, D.C.
  22. ↑ Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. (2007). "Returns from Military Posts, 1806–1916". Ancestry.com. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Retrieved 24 July 2015. Source Information: National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); Washington, D.C.; Returns from U.S. Military Posts, 1800–1916; Microfilm Serial: M617; Microfilm Roll: 953 Source Information Ancestry.com. U.S., Returns from Military Posts, 1806–1916 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2009. Original data: Returns From U.S. Military Posts, 1800–1916; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M617, 1,550 rolls); Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1780’s-1917, Record Group 94; National Archives, Washington, D.C..
  23. ↑ Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. (2010). "1900 United States Federal Census". Ancestry.com. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Retrieved 12 July 2015. Source Citation: Year: 1900; Census Place: Buffalo Ward 24, Erie, New York; Roll: 1032; Page: 18A; Enumeration District: 0208; FHL microfilm: 1241032 Source Information: Ancestry.com. 1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1900. T623, 1854 rolls.
  24. ↑ Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. (2010). "1910 United States Federal Census". Ancestry.com. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Retrieved 12 July 2015. Source Citation: Year: 1910; Census Place: Alexander, Genesee, New York; Roll: T624_951; Page: 10B; Enumeration District: 0003; FHL microfilm: 1374964 Source Information: Ancestry.com. 1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2006. Original data: Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910 (NARA microfilm publication T624, 1,178 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C. – NARA.
  25. ↑ Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. (2010). "New York, State Census, 1915 (1905)". Ancestry.com. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Retrieved 12 July 2015. Source Citation: New York State Archives; Albany, New York; State Population Census Schedules, 1915 (1905); Election District: 01; Assembly District: 01; City: Attica; County: Wyoming; Page: 11 Source Information: Ancestry.com. New York, State Census, 1915 (1905) [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012. Original data: State population census schedules, 1915 (1905). Albany, New York: New York State Archives.
  26. ↑ U.S. Social Security Administration (2013). "United States Social Security Death Index". Death Master File database (Alexandria, Virginia: National Technical Information Service, ongoing). FamilySearch.org. Retrieved July 23, 2015. Source: "United States Social Security Death Index," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:J5DC-S44 : accessed 23 July 2015), Elizabeth H Oliver, 18 Jun 1994; citing U.S. Social Security Administration, Death Master File, database (Alexandria, Virginia: National Technical Information Service, ongoing).
  27. ↑ Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. (2000). "California, Death Index, 1940–1997". Ancestry.com. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Retrieved 23 July 2015. Source Citation: Ancestry.com. California, Death Index, 1940–1997 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: State of California. California Death Index, 1940–1997. Sacramento, CA, USA: State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics.
  28. ↑ Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. (2010). "1920 United States Federal Census". Ancestry.com. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Retrieved 12 July 2015. Source Citation: Year: 1920; Census Place: San Diego, San Diego, California; Roll: T625_131; Page: 5A; Enumeration District: 270; Image: 223 Source Information: Ancestry.com. 1920 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2010. Images reproduced by FamilySearch. Original data: Fourteenth Census of the United States, 1920. (NARA microfilm publication T625, 2076 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C. For details on the contents of the film numbers, visit the following NARA web page: NARA. Note: Enumeration Districts 819–839 are on roll 323 (Chicago City).
  29. 1 2 3 Tony Perry (3 July 2015) (2015). "After years in obscurity, Medal of Honor recipient to be reburied in San Diego, with military honors". latimes.com. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
  30. ↑ Congressional Medal of Honor Foundation (2015). "The Congressional Medal of Honor Foundation was founded by the Congressional Medal of Honor Society which consists exclusively of the living Medal of Honor recipients. The Foundation is an IRS 501(c)(3) nonprofit with Tax ID #25-1828488.". Congressional Medal of Honor Foundation. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
  31. ↑ "Medal of Honor Statistics". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. United States Army Center of Military History. 7 May 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  32. ↑ Associated Press (30 May 2015) (2015). "Civil War-era soldier to be buried with full military honors". mycci.net. Consolidated Communications. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
  33. ↑ Samantha Tatro (2015). "Medal of Honor Soldier to Be Reburied After Remains Found in Unmarked Grave – Officials spent almost two years trying to find the remains of one San Diego soldier.". NBC7 San Diego. NBCUniversal Media, LLC. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
  34. 1 2 donnah (2015). "Sergeant Charles Schroeter, 86, Union Army (RET), Civil War / San Diego, CA, 08, 09 JUL 15". Patriot Guard Riders. Patriot Guard Riders. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
  35. ↑ Associated Press (2015). "Hal of Valor – Charles Schroeter". Military Times. Military Times. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  36. ↑ NARA (2013). "United States Veterans Administration Pension Payment Cards, 1907–1933". Pension payment card for Army Invalid Charles A T Schroeter. FamilySearch.org. Retrieved July 30, 2015. Charles A. T. Schroeter – Sgt A 1 Mo Vol Cav Source: "United States Veterans Administration Pension Payment Cards, 1907–1933," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QJD3-1HKK : accessed 20 July 2015), Charles A T Schroeter, 1907–1933; citing NARA microfilm publication M850 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 1,636,027.
  37. ↑ Illinois State Archives, Springfield, Mo (2013). "Illinois Soldier Burial Places, 1774–1974". Pension payment card for Army Invalid Charles A T Schroeter. FamilySearch.org. Retrieved July 20, 2015. Charles Schroeter, A company 1st MO Cav – buried 26 Aug 1915 Nauvoo #2 Cemetery, Nauvoo, Hancock, Illinois, United States Source: "United States Veterans Administration Pension Payment Cards, 1907–1933," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QJD3-1HKK : accessed 20 July 2015), Charles A T Schroeter, 1907–1933; citing NARA microfilm publication M850 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 1,636,027.
  38. ↑ NARA (2013). "United States Census, 1900". 1900 US Census for Caroline Schroeter. FamilySearch.org. Retrieved July 20, 2015. Source: "United States Census, 1900," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MSWW-LS4 : accessed 20 July 2015), Caroline Schroeter in household of Charles Schroeter, Nauvoo Township Nauvoo city Ward 1–3, Hancock, Illinois, United States; citing sheet 12A, family 277, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 1,240,305.
  39. ↑ State Historical Society of Missouri (1863). "Daily Missouri Republican (Saint Louis, Mo.), 1863-12-06". Missouri Newspaper archive. State Historical Society of Missouri. Retrieved July 20, 2015. Daily Missouri Republican of Saint Louis, Mo., dated: 6 December 1863: "A Family Keepsake – The family of Mr. C. A. T. Schroeter, living at 42 South Third Street, were favored on Friday night with a small keepsake in the shape of a live baby about ten days old. It was taken in out of the cold and cared for. A note accompanied the gift, stating that its mother was too poor to take care of it." NOTE: They name the child Betenie.
  40. ↑ Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. (2013). "Registers of Enlistments in the United States Army, compiled 1798 – 1914". US Army enlistment records. Ancestry.com. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Retrieved July 20, 2015. NOTE: Source Information: The National Archives Publication Number: M233 (NARA) National Archives Catalog ID: 575272 Record Group 94 – Ancestry.com [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.
  41. ↑ NARA (2013). "Registers of Enlistments in the United States Army, compiled 1798 – 1914 – Index to Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served in Organizations From the State of Missouri.". United States Civil War Soldiers Index, 1861–1865. FamilySearch.org. Retrieved July 20, 2015. Charles A.F. Schroeder – Aka Charles A. F. Schroeter Source: Citing this Record: "United States Civil War Soldiers Index, 1861–1865," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:F9YN-C2Q : accessed 20 July 2015), Charles A.F. Schroeder, Sergeant, Company A, 1st Regiment, Missouri Cavalry, Union; citing NARA microfilm publication M390 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 43; FHL microfilm 881,578.
  42. ↑ Kennedy (2007). "KENNEDY'S 1860 ST. LOUIS CITY DIRECTORY". Robert M. Doerr. Retrieved July 24, 2015.

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