Charaxes smaragdalis
Charaxes smaragdalis | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Lepidoptera |
Family: | Nymphalidae |
Genus: | Charaxes |
Species: | C. smaragdalis |
Binomial name | |
Charaxes smaragdalis Butler, [1866] | |
Synonyms | |
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The Western Blue Charaxes (Charaxes smaragdalis) is a butterfly of the Nymphalidae family. It is found from Senegal to Somalia, from Angola to Kenya and from Sudan to Egypt. Its habitat is dry forest areas.[1]
The butterfly's wingspan is 85 to 100 mm. Adults are black with white and blue bands and spots. The hindwings each have two little tails.[2]
Original description
Charaxes smaragdalis, sp. n. (PI. XXXVL fig. 5.) Male. Upperside—front wings deep brown, inner margin glossed with greenish blue ; a submarginal row of six pale blue-green spots along the outer margin, the two nearest the apex very pale, placed obliquely from the costal nervure Wings crossed in the middle by a broad oblique blue-green band, very broad below, becoming abruptly narrower above the third median nervule. Hind wings, basal half deep brown, glossed with greenish blue ; apical half pale green ; outer margin deep brown, with a pale green sinuate lunulate edge and a submarginal row of seven pale green spots with white centres between the nervures. Tails very short ; inner margin densely clothed with pale brown hairs. Body deep brown. Underside olivaceous ; front wings, basal portion ochreous ; cell crossed by three small irregular angulated black bands, margined with grey ; three similar markings below the cell ; a similar line margined outwardly with ochreous at the end of the cell, and a lunulate black band, also margined with ochreous, placed obliquely from just below the end of the cell to the submedian nervure, the outer edge of the lowest lunule bluish below ; outer margin ochreous, with a submarginal row of spots, the two uppermost ones white, the two lowest ocellate, tricoloured (grey, ochreous, and black), the rest ochreous. Hind wings olivaceous, marked with various lines and spots as in C. tiridates ; but the lines are a little more angular, and the inner submarginal ochreous lunules are better defined. Hab. Congo. B.M. This species is allied to C. tiridates, from which it scarcely differs underneath.
Taxonomy
Charaxes tiridates group
the supposed clade members are
- Charaxes tiridates
- Charaxes numenes similar to next
- Charaxes bipunctatus similar to last
- Charaxes violetta
- Charaxes fuscus
- Charaxes mixtus
- Charaxes bubastis
- Charaxes albimaculatus
- Charaxes barnsi
- Charaxes bohemani
- Charaxes schoutedeni
- Charaxes monteiri
- Charaxes smaragdalis
- Charaxes xiphares
- Charaxes cithaeron
- Charaxes nandina
- Charaxes imperialis
- Charaxes ameliae
- Charaxes pythodoris
- ? Charaxes overlaeti
For a full list see Eric Vingerhoedt, 2013 [3]
Subspecies
- Charaxes smaragdalis smaragdalis (Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Congo, Zaire) [4]
- Charaxes smaragdalis butleri Rothschild, 1900 (Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Liberia) [5]
- Charaxes smaragdalis caerulea Carpenter & Jackson, 1950 (eastern Zaire, south-western Uganda)[6]
- Charaxes smaragdalis elgonae van Someren, 1964 (Uganda)[6]
- Charaxes smaragdalis gobyae Plantrou, 1988 (south-eastern Sudan)[6]
- Charaxes smaragdalis kagera van Someren, 1964 (north-western Tanzania, south-western Uganda)[6]
- Charaxes smaragdalis kigoma van Someren, 1964 (Tanzania)[6]
- Charaxes smaragdalis leopoldi Ghesquière, 1933 (northern Angola, eastern Congo, south-western Zaire)[6]
- Charaxes smaragdalis metu van Someren, 1964 (south-western Sudan, northern Uganda)[6]
- Charaxes smaragdalis toro van Someren, 1964 (western Uganda)[6]
- Charaxes smaragdalis allardi Bouyer & Vingerhoedt, 1997 [6]
References
- ↑ Frankenbach, B. Turlin ; [editors:] Erich Bauer, Thomas (2007). Butterflies of the world. Goecke & Evers. p. iv. ISBN 9783937783321.
- ↑ butterflycorner
- ↑ "African Charaxes/Charaxes Africains Eric Vingerhoedt, 2013".
- ↑ "Charaxes smaragdalis smaragdalis". African Butterfly Database. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
- ↑ "Charaxes smaragdalis butleri". African Butterfly Database. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "African Butterfly Database". African Butterfly Database. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
- Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 31
- Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1964 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)181-235.
- Van Someren, 1969 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part V. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)75-166. Additional notes
External links
- Images of C. smaragdalis allardi Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. smaragdalis caerulea (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. smaragdalis kagera (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. smaragdalis kigoma (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. smaragdalis leopoldi (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. smaragdalis smaragdalis (Albertine Rift Project)
- Site of Markku Savela
- Charaxes smaragdalis images at Bold
- Charaxes smaragdalis allardi images at BOLD
- Charaxes smaragdalis butleri images at BOLD
- Charaxes smaragdalis caerulea images at BOLD includes verso
- Charaxes smaragdalis elgonae images at BOLD
- Charaxes smaragdalis homonymus images at BOLD
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