Chandi di Var
| Dasam Granth Dasam Granth - (ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ)
|
| Banis |
| Jaap Sahib - Akal Ustat - Bachitar Natak - Chandi Charitar Ukat(i) Bilas - Chandi Charitar 2 - Chandi di Var - Gyan Parbodh - Chobis Avatar - Brahm Avtar - Rudar Avtar - Sabad patshahi 10 - 33 Swaiyey - Khalsa Mahima - Shastar Nam Mala - Charitropakhyan - Zafarnamah - Hikayats |
| Other Related Banis |
| Ugardanti - Bhagauti Astotar - Sri Kaal Chopai - Lakhi Jungle Khalsa - Asfotak Kabits - Sahansar Sukhmana - Vaar Malkauns Ki - Chandd - Chaupai Sahib - Tavparsadi Savaiye |
| History |
| Historical sources - Memorials |
| Various aspects |
| Idolatry Prohibtion |
Chandi di Var also known as Var Sri Bhagauti Ji is a composition included in the 5th chapter of Dasam Granth. It is based on an episode from the Sanskrit work Markandeya Purana,[1] and describes the conflict between the Gods and the Demons. In the ballad, the supreme goddess (see Chandi) is transformed into a liberating divine power in the form of sword, that crushes perpetuators of falsehood.[2]
Authorship
- It is traditionally believed that Chandi di Var was written by Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji at Anandpur Sahib.
- According to early Sikh Historian, Bhai Koer Singh Kalal as mentioned in Gurbilas Patshahi 10 (1751), Chandi di Vaar was written by Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji at Anandpur Sahib.[3] Various other Sikh historians and scholars like Giani Ditt Singh, Professor Sahib Singh, Giani Gian Singh, Ratan Singh Bhangu, Kavi Santokh Singh also supported this fact.
- However, few modern scholars, including W.H. Mcleod, dispute this claim the basis that the poem's contents are not written in Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji's writing style, concluding it was composed by an unknown poet in his entourage.[4][5]
Role in Sikh Liturgy
- According to Sikh Rehat Maryada, The first stanza of the Sikh ardās, an invocation to God and the nine Gurus preceding Gobind Singh, is from Chandi di Var.[6]
- Nihang Singhs recite Chandi di Var as part of their daily Nitnem.
Meaning of Bhagauti
Bhagauti stands for God and sometimes for sword which is identified with God. Bhagavathi is used as a synonym of the word Bhagauti in other parts of India.[7]
Following are general meanings of Bhagauti, done by various Tikakars:[8]
- The follower of Truth i.e Bhagat
- Bhagvati (Goddess Durga, wife of Mahadeva)
- Vivek Budhi
- Shakti (Divine power of Goddess Durga)
- Shakti or Hukam
- Sword
- Parmeshar or God
- Type of Poetry Metre called Bhagauti Chandd
- Durga (wife of Mahadeva)
See also
References
- ↑ Gurbachan Singh Talib. The Impact of Guru Gobind Singh on Indian Society. Guru Gobind Singh Foundation. p. 59.
- ↑ Gurbhagat Singh. Literature and Folklore After Poststructuralism. p. 89.
- ↑ ਪੰਨਾ 156, Gurbilas Patshahi 10, Koer Singh Kalal
- ↑ Amaresh Datta, ed. (2006). The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume One (A To Devo), Volume 1. Sahitya Akademi. p. 888. ISBN 978-81-260-1803-1.
- ↑ McLeod, W. H. (2005-07-28). Historical dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 44–. ISBN 978-0-8108-5088-0. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ↑ (This is a model of the Ardas. It may be adapted to different occasions and for different purposes. However, the initial composition with "Pritham Bhagauti......" and the concluding phrases commencing "Nanak Nam" must not be altered.: Article IV, Chapter 3A, Sikh Rehat Maryada
- ↑ Banerjee, Dr. Anil Chander (April 1981). "Guru Gobind Singh and Shakhtieult". The Sikh Review. No. 378: 32.
- ↑ ਭਗਉਤੀ, Mahankosh, Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha
External links
- Sri Dasam Granth Sahib: Questions and Answers: The book on Sri Dasam Granth Sahib
- Life of Guru Gobind Singh
- The Tenth Guru
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