Lloyd Clayton, Jr.

Lloyd E. Clayton, Jr. is an American naturopathic physician who established three for profit educational institutions in Birmingham, Alabama. The schools he founded are Clayton College of Natural Health, the American Institute of Computer Science (now part of American Sentinel University), and Chadwick University. He also owns a business that sells herbal and homeopathic products.

Clayton has stated that he received a Doctor of Naturopathy degree in 1978.[1][2] As a practitioner, his specialties were herbology and massage.[1][2]

Business history

In the late 1970s Lloyd Clayton started an eco-friendly business to sell natural products for health; the business currently operates as Clayton Naturals.[3][4] He started Clayton College of Natural Health in 1980 as the American College of Holistic Nutrition in 1980. It changed its name to Clayton College of Natural Health in 1997.[5]

In 1988 he established the American Institute of Computer Science. In 2000 that institution was incorporated into American Sentinel University.[6]

Chadwick University

In 1989 he started Chadwick University, a distance education institution offering programs in many fields.[7][8] Chadwick has been called a diploma mill due to its practice of awarding academic credit for "life experience".[8] Chadwick was not accredited, but at different times it claimed accreditation from the International Association of Universities and Schools and the World Association of Universities and Colleges, neither of which is a recognized educational accrediting organization.[7][9][10] Initially Chadwick also had no state license, due to a ruling that it could operate in Alabama without a license as long as it did not enroll state residents as students, but the institution obtained a state license in 1996.[7] Chadwick's state license was renewed in 2005 and expired in January 2007.[8] In February 2007 the Tuscaloosa News reported that the school's address was in a Birmingham building "labeled ... as the location of Magnolia Corporate Services," and "a call to a phone number listed for Chadwick went to voicemail for Magnolia Corporate Services."[8] Chadwick ceased operation some time thereafter.[11]

The state of Texas (among several other states) classifies this online college as an illegal supplier of educational credentials in the State of Texas and it is against state law to use Chadwick credentials.[12] Thus degrees issued by Chadwick may not be acceptable to employers or institutions, and use of degree titles granted by Chadwick may be restricted or illegal in some jurisdictions.

Clayton College of Natural Health

Also affiliated with Chadwick University is the Clayton College of Natural Health, which was also founded by Clayton (in 1980) and has also been labeled as a diploma mill. The Clayton school for years has been a classic diploma mill operation, offering doctorates and other degrees to students of natural health care, without providing clinical training or educational standards of any kind.[13] The college offers home-study courses that range from $4,300 to $6,400, for degrees from natural science to holistic health, and has been involved in several controversies involving the death of patients at the hands of individuals claiming credentialing from this and other similar operations.[14] In July 2010, the college announced on its website that it was ceasing operations, blaming a number of factors but primarily the effects of the recent economic recession.[15] In November 2010, a class action lawsuit was filed seeking recoveries on behalf of thousands of students who were enrolled in prepaid distance education programs at Clayton College.[16] The lawsuit claims Clayton breached its fiduciary duty, was negligent, among other claims, and seeks compensation for the tuition amounts paid for programs that are no longer available. They are also seeking compensation for Plaintiffs’ "loss of time and opportunity", among other damages.[17]

Diploma Mill Lawsuit Settlement

In November 2011 it was announced that as many as 14,000 former students of the defunct Clayton College of Natural Health will split up to $2.31 million in reimbursement for tuition, with part of the settlement to be paid for by Lloyd Clayton himself, with the remainder being paid for by RSUI Indemnity Co. Said funds will be placed in an escrow account for which former students can recover a portion of their lost tuition.[18][19]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Clayton College of Natural Health, Holistic Learning Centers, Inc. website, accessed July 3, 2010.
  2. 1 2 Who Is Dr. Clayton?, Clayton Naturals website, archived November 27, 2006
  3. ↑ Stephen Barrett, M.D., Clayton College of Natural Health: Be Wary of the School and Its Graduates, Quackwatch website, accessed July 3, 2010
  4. ↑ About Us, Clayton Naturals website, accessed July 3, 2010
  5. ↑ Rachel Shabi, Food fighters, The Guardian, January 8, 2005
  6. ↑ Bear, John; Mariah Bear (2003-01-01). Bears' Guide to Earning Degrees by Distance Learning. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1-58008-431-1. page 96
  7. 1 2 3 Bear, John; Mariah Bear (2003-01-01). Bears' Guide to Earning Degrees by Distance Learning. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1-58008-431-1. page 196
  8. 1 2 3 4 Jones, Adam (2007-02-11). "State's diploma mills draw academic ire". Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
  9. ↑ “Accrediting” entities not recognized by the State of Oregon, Oregon State Office of Degree Authorization (accessed March 17, 2009)
  10. ↑ Bartlett, Thomas and Scott Smallwood (2004). "Special Report: Maxine Asher Has a Degree for You". The Chronicle of Higher Education, Volume 50, Issue 42, Page A12. Archived from the original on 2005-11-25. Retrieved 24 January 2006.
  11. ↑ Chadwick University Alumni Association website, accessed July 3, 2010. "The academic office in Birmingham, Alabama has apparently closed but the school continues to offer student records and transcript services from an administrative office in Silver City, New Mexico."
  12. ↑ http://www.thecb.state.tx.us/index.cfm?objectid=EF4C3C3B-EB44-4381-6673F760B3946FBB
  13. ↑ "The Biggest Quack School in Natural Medicine Closes". Huffington Post. July 12, 2010.
  14. ↑ http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2004024299_miracle20m0.html
  15. ↑ Lange, Andrew (November 17, 2011). "The biggest quack school in natural medicine closes". Huffington Post.
  16. ↑ CCNH Lawsuit
  17. ↑ Class Action Complaint - US District Court - Filed 11/05/10
  18. ↑ http://blog.al.com/businessnews/2011/11/former_clayton_college_student.html
  19. ↑ http://www.ccnhclassaction.com/2012-05-25-Final-Order.pdf
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