Central Fulton School District

Central Fulton School District
Address
151 East Cherry Street
McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania 17233
United States
Information
Type Public
Superintendent Julia M. Cigola, Ph.D.
Grades K–12
Enrollment 982 (2010) [1]
 • Kindergarten 181
 • Grade 1 79
 • Grade 2 81
 • Grade 3 81
 • Grade 4 67
 • Grade 5 77
 • Grade 6 72
 • Grade 7 64
 • Grade 8 74
 • Grade 9 67
 • Grade 10 56
 • Grade 11 57
 • Grade 12 46
Color(s) Blue and White
Athletics conference PIAA District V
Mascot Spartans
Website http://www.cfsd.info/

The Central Fulton School District covers the Borough of McConnellsburg and Ayr Township, Licking Creek Township and Todd Township in Fulton County, Pennsylvania. It encompasses approximately 135 square miles. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 6,075. According to District officials, in school year 2007–08 the CFSD provided basic educational services to 1,006 pupils through the employment of 87 teachers, 53 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 8 administrators.

Schools

Governance

The district is governed by 9 individually elected board members (serve four-year terms), the Pennsylvania State Board of Education, the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[2] The federal government controls programs it funds like Title I funding for low-income children in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act, which mandates the district focus resources on student success in acquiring reading and math skills.

The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives Sunshine Review gave the school board and district administration a "F" for transparency based on a review of "What information can people find on their school district's website". It examined the school district's website for information regarding; taxes, the current budget, meetings, school board members names and terms, contracts, audits, public records information and more.[3]

Academic achievement

Central Fulton School District was ranked 299th out of the 498 ranked Pennsylvania school districts in 2010 by the Pittsburgh Business Times. The ranking was based on student academic achievement as demonstrated by 3 years of PSSA results in: reading, writing, math, and two years of science.[4]

In 2010, the Pittsburgh Business Times reported an Overachievers Ranking for 498 Pennsylvania school districts. Central Fulton ranked 274th. In 2009 the district was 355th. The paper describes the ranking as: "the ranking answers the question - which school districts do better than expectations based upon economics? This rank takes the Honor Roll rank and adds the percentage of students in the district eligible for free and reduced-price lunch into the formula. A district finishing high on this rank is smashing expectations, and any district above the median point is exceeding expectations."[6]

In 2009, the district ranked in the 45th percentile for student academic achievement among Pennsylvania's 500 school districts.[7]

Graduation Rate

McConnellsburg High School

PSSA Results

11th Grade Reading 2010 - 67% on grade level. In Pennsylvania, 67% of 11th graders on grade level.[11]

11th Grade Math:

11th Grade Science:

Dual enrollment

The high school offers a dual enrollment program. This state program permits high school students to take courses, at local higher education institutions, to earn college credits. Students remain enrolled at their high school, including the graduation ceremony. The courses count towards high school graduation requirements and towards earning a college degree. The students continue to have full access to activities and programs at their high school. The college credits are offered at a deeply discounted rate. The state offers a small grant to assist students in costs for tuition, fees and books.[17] Under the Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement, many Pennsylvania colleges and universities accept these credits for students who transfer to their institutions.[18] The Pennsylvania College Credit Transfer System reported in 2009, that students saved nearly $35.4 million by having their transferred credits count towards a degree under the new system.[19]

For the 2009-10 funding year, the school district received a state grant of $6,569 for the program.[20]

Graduation requirements

The Central Fulton School Board has determined that from grades 9 through 12, every student shall obtain at least 24 units of credit. These credits include: English 4 credits, Math 4 credits, Social Studies 4 credits, Science 4 credits, Arts and Humanities 2 credits, Health 0.6 credits, Physical Education 1.6 credits, and 5 elective credits.[21] In addition, 24 hours of Community Service (must be completed by May 1 of senior year. Students must also attain at least a proficient level on the 11th grade Pennsylvania State System of Assessment (PSSA) Mathematics and Reading assessments in order to graduate.

By law, all Pennsylvania secondary school students must complete a project as a part of their eligibility to graduate from high school. The type of project, its rigor and its expectations are set by the individual school district.[22] At Central Fulton School District, this educational project (completed no later than the first day of the 2nd semester of the student’s senior year.

Beginning with the class of 2015, students must take the Keystone Exams in Literature and Algebra 1.[23]

Middle school

8th Grade Reading:

8th Grade Math:

8th Grade Science:

7th Grade Reading:

7th Grade Math:

6th Grade Reading:

6th Grade Math:

McConnellsburg Elementary School

5th Grade Reading:'

5th Grade Math:

4th Grade Reading:

4th Grade Math:

4th Grade Science:

3rd Grade Reading:

3rd Grade Math:

Special education

In December 2008, the district reported that 13% or 127 pupils were receiving special education services.[29][30] The Central Fulton School District received a $559,280 supplement for special education services in 2010.[31] Central Fulton School District provides a wide spectrum of special education services. Parents request an evaluation for services in writing. The district is required to conduct child find activities for children who may be eligible for services via Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.[32]

When screening results suggest that the student may be eligible, the District seeks parental consent to conduct a multidisciplinary evaluation. Parents who suspect their child is eligible may verbally request a multidisciplinary evaluation from a professional employee of the District or contact the Department of Special Education.

The IDEA 2004 requires each school entity to publish a notice to parents, in newspapers or other media, including the student handbook and website regarding the availability of screening and intervention services and how to access them.

Bullying policy

In 2009, the administrative reported there was one incident of bullying in the district.[33][34]

The Central Fulton School Board adopted a policy in October 2008 which prohibits bullying by district students and the faculty. The policy defines bullying and cyberbullying.[35] The Board directs that complaints of bullying shall be investigated promptly, and corrective action shall be taken when allegations are verified. No reprisals or retaliation shall occur as a result of good faith reports of bullying. The board expects staff members to be responsible to maintain an educational environment free from all forms of bullying. All Pennsylvania schools are required to have an anti-bullying policy incorporated into their Code of Student Conduct. The policy must identify disciplinary actions for bullying and designate a school staff person to receive complaints of bullying. The policy must be available on the school's website and posted in every classroom. All Pennsylvania public schools must provide a copy of its anti-bullying policy to the Office for Safe Schools every year, and shall review their policy every three years. Additionally, the district must conduct an annual review of that policy with students.[36] The Center for Schools and Communities works in partnership with the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime & Delinquency and the Pennsylvania Department of Education to assist schools and communities as they research, select and implement bullying prevention programs and initiatives.[37]

Education standards relating to student safety and antiharassment programs are described in the 10.3. Safety and Injury Prevention in the Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Health, Safety and Physical Education.[38]

Budget

In 2009, the district reported employing over 80 teachers with a starting salary of $37,000 to $108,000 for a 180-day work year.[39] The average teacher salary is $55,649.[40] Additionally, the teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance, vision insurance, dental insurance, college course reimbursement, personal days, sick days - 10, payment for unused sick days, and other benefits. Teachers are paid for extra instructional services at an hourly rate.[41]

In 2007, the district employed 77 teachers and the average teacher salary in the district was $51,374 for 180 days worked.[42] This was the highest average salary in Fulton County.

The district administrative costs per pupil, in 2008, were $873.05 per pupil. Central Fulton School District is ranked 119th among Pennsylvania's 500 districts for administrative spending. The lowest administrative cost per pupil in Pennsylvania was $398 per pupil.[43]

The district administration reported that per pupil spending in 2008 was $18,086 which ranked 20th in the state's 501 school districts.[44]

In December 2010, the Pennsylvania Auditor General conducted a performance audit of the district. The findings were reported to the administration and the school board.[45]

The district is funded by a combination of: a local earned income tax 1%, a property tax, a real estate transfer tax 0.5%, coupled with substantial funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the federal government. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, pension income and Social Security income are exempted from state personal income tax and local earned income tax, regardless of personal wealth.[46]

State basic education funding

For the 2010-11 budget year, the district was allotted a 2% increase in Basic Education Funding for a total of $5,451,261. All three of the school districts in Fulton County received the base 2% increase. One hundred fifty Pennsylvania school districts received the base 2% increase. The highest increase in 2010-11 went to Kennett Consolidated School District in Chester County which received a 23.65% increase in state funding.[47] The amount of increase each school district receives is set by the Governor and the Secretary of Education as a part of the state budget proposal given each February.[48]

In the 2009-2010 budget year the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided a 2.25% increase in Basic Education Funding for a total of $5,344,373. This was lowest increase, in Basic Education Funding, that school districts in Fulton County received. Southern Fulton School District got a 5.71%.[49] The state Basic Education Funding to the district in 2008-09 was $5,226,793.79. Ninety school districts received a base 2% increase. Muhlenberg School District in Berks County received a 22.31% increase in state basic education funding in 2009.[50]

According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 366 students, in the district, received free or reduced-price lunches due to low family income in the 2007-2008 school year.[51]

Accountability Block Grants

Beginning in 2004-2005, the state launched the Accountability Block Grant school funding. This program has provided $1.5 billion to Pennsylvania’s school districts. The Accountability Block Grant program requires that its taxpayer dollars are focused on specific interventions that are most likely to increase student academic achievement. These interventions include: teacher training, all-day kindergarten, lower class size K-3rd grade, literacy and math coaching programs that provide teachers with individualized job-embedded professional development to improve their instruction, before or after school tutoring assistance to struggling students, For 2010-11 the Central Fulton School District applied for and received $177,311 in addition to all other state and federal funding. The district used the funding to provide full-day kindergarten for the 7th year.[52][53]

Classrooms for the Future grant

The Classroom for the Future state program provided districts with hundreds of thousands of extra state funding to buy laptop computers for each core curriculum high school class (English, Science, History, Math) and paid for teacher training to optimize the computers use. The program was funded from 2006-2009. Central Fulton School District was denied funding in 2006-07. In 2007-08 it received $109,661 and in 2008-09 it received $45,413 for a total of $155,074. Of the 501 public school districts in Pennsylvania, 447 of them received Classrooms for the Future grant awards [54]

Education Assistance grant

The state's EAP funding provides for the continuing support of tutoring services and other programs to address the academic needs of eligible students. For the 2010-11 school year the state awarded $47.6 million in Education Assistance grants. Funds are available to eligible school districts and full-time career and technology centers (CTC) in which one or more schools have failed to meet at least one academic performance target, as provided for in Section 1512-C of the Pennsylvania Public School Code. In 2010-11 the Central Fulton School District received $31,818.[55]

Federal Stimulus funding

The district received an extra $737,345 in ARRA - Federal Stimulus money to be used in specific programs like special education and meeting the academic needs of low-income students.[56] The Pennsylvania Department of Education advised the districts to use the money for nonrecurring expenses like purchasing equipment and teaching resources like books, and software.

Race to the Top grant

School district officials applied for the Race to the Top federal grant. When approved for the grant, the district would have received hundreds of thousands in additional federal dollars for improving student academic achievement.[57] Participation required the administration, the school board and the local teachers' union to sign an agreement to prioritize improving student academic success. In Pennsylvania, 120 public school districts and 56 charter schools agreed to participate. The failure of districts to agree to participate was cited as one reason that Pennsylvania was not approved.[58]

Common Cents state initiative

The Central Fulton School Board did not participate in the Pennsylvania Department of Education Common Cents program. The program called for the state to audit the district, at no cost to local taxpayers, to identify ways the district could save tax dollars.[59] After the review of the information, the district was not required to implement the recommended cost savings changes.

Real estate taxes

The school board levied a real estate tax of 26.8814 mills in 2010-11.[60] A mill is $1 of tax for every $1,000 of a property's assessed value. Irregular property reassessments have become a serious issue in the commonwealth as it creates a significant disparity in taxation within a community and across a region. On the local level, Pennsylvania district revenues are dominated by two main sources: 1) Property tax collections, which account for the vast majority (between 75-85%) of local revenues; and 2) Act 511 tax collections, which are around 15% of revenues for school districts.[61]

Act 1 Adjusted index

The Act 1 of 2006 Index regulates the rates at which each school district can raise property taxes in Pennsylvania. Districts are not allowed to raise taxes above that index unless they allow voters to vote by referendum, or they seek an exception from the state Department of Education. The base index for the 2011-2012 school year is 1.4 percent, but the Act 1 Index can be adjusted higher, depending on a number of factors, such as property values and the personal income of district residents. Act 1 included 10 exceptions, including: increasing pension costs, increases in special education costs, a catastrophe like a fire or flood, increase in health insurance costs for contracts in effect in 2006 or dwindling tax bases. The base index is the average of the percentage increase in the statewide average weekly wage, as determined by the PA Department of Labor and Industry, for the preceding calendar year and the percentage increase in the Employment Cost Index for Elementary and Secondary Schools, as determined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the U.S. Department of Labor, for the previous 12-month period ending June 30. For a school district with a market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) greater than 0.4000, its index equals the base index multiplied by the sum of .75 and its MV/PI AR for the current year.[64]

The School District Adjusted Index for the Central Fulton School District 2006-2007 through 2011-2012.[65]

The Central Fulton School Board did not apply for any exceptions to exceed the Act 1 index for the budget in 2011.[66] In the Spring of 2010, 135 Pennsylvania school boards asked to exceed their adjusted index. Approval was granted to 133 of them and 128 sought an exception for pension costs increases.[67]

Property tax relief

In 2010, the Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief from gambling for the Central Fulton School District was $218 per approved permanent primary residence. In the district, 1,762 property owners applied for the tax relief.[68] This was the highest tax relief provided in Fulton County. The property tax relief was subtracted from the total annual school property tax bill. Property owners apply for the relief through the county Treasurer's office. Farmers can qualify for a farmstead exemption on building used for agricultural purposes. The farm must be at least 10 contiguous acres (40,000 m2) and must be the primary residence of the owner. Farmers can qualify for both the homestead exemption and the farmstead exemption. Pennsylvania awarded the highest property tax relief to residents of the Chester-Upland School District in Delaware County at $641 per homestead and farmstead in 2010.[69] CUSD was given $632 in 2009. This was the second year they were the top recipient.

Additionally, the Pennsylvania Property Tax/Rent Rebate program is provided for low income Pennsylvanians aged 65 and older; widows and widowers aged 50 and older; and people with disabilities age 18 and older. The income limit is $35,000 for homeowners. The maximum rebate for both homeowners and renters is $650. Applicants can exclude one-half (1/2) of their Social Security income, consequently individuals who have income substantially greater than $35,000, may still qualify for a rebate. Individuals must apply annually for the rebate. This can be taken in addition to Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief.

Property taxes in Pennsylvania are relatively high on a national scale. According to the Tax Foundation, Pennsylvania ranked 11th in the U.S. in 2008 in terms of property taxes paid as a percentage of home value (1.34%) and 12th in the country in terms of property taxes as a percentage of income (3.55%).[70]

A special investigation conducted by the Pennsylvania Auditor General found that 91.98% of homeowners had applied for the tax relief. This was the highest participate rate reported in Pennsylvania.[71]

Enrollment and Consolidation

Pupil enrollment in Central Fulton School District is in the bottom 10% of Pennsylvania school districts. Rural Pennsylvania has experienced a steady decline in population.[72]

A study was done in 2004, examining consolidating Forbes Road School District with Central Fulton School District with annual savings estimated to be in the hundreds of thousands dollars.[73] The study noted that consolidation could significantly decrease administrative costs for both communities while improving offerings to students. Consolidation of school district administrations does not require the consolidation of schools.[74]

Over the next 10 years, rural Pennsylvania school enrollment is projected to decrease 8 percent. The most significant enrollment decline is projected to be in western Pennsylvania, where rural school districts may have a 16 percent decline. More than 40 percent of elementary schools and more than 60 percent of secondary schools in western Pennsylvania are projected to experience significant enrollment decreases (15 percent or greater).[75] From 2000 to 2008, the number of births in rural Pennsylvania decreased 2 percent. From 2000 to 2030, projections show an 8 percent decline in the number of rural women in their prime childbearing years.[76] Statewide, there are 187 districts that are projected to have an enrollment decline of 15 percent or greater. Geographically, these districts are clustered in western Pennsylvania and in the state’s northern tier.[77]

Pennsylvania has one of the highest numbers of school districts in the nation. In Pennsylvania, 80% of the school districts serve student populations under 5,000, and 40% serve less than 2,000. Less than 95 of Pennsylvania's 501 school districts have enrollment below 1250 students, in 2007.[78]

Extracurriculars

The district's students have access to a variety of clubs, activities and sports. Eligibility for participation is determined by the school board policy.[79]

By Pennsylvania law, all K-12 students in the district, including those who attend a private nonpublic school, cyber charter school, charter school and those homeschooled, are eligible to participate in the extracurricular programs, including all athletics. They must meet the same eligibility rules as the students enrolled in the district's schools.[80]

Athletics

Notes

  1. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education Enrollment of Projections for Central Fulton School District
  2. ↑ Pennsylvania School Code 2009
  3. ↑ The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives. "The Pennsylvania Project". Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  4. ↑ Pennsylvania Public School Rankings, Pittsburgh Business Times. May 6, 2010.
  5. ↑ Three of top school districts in state hail from Allegheny County, Pittsburgh Business Times. May 23, 2007 Archived March 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ↑ Overachiever statewide ranking, Pittsburgh Business Times. May 6, 2010
  7. ↑ 2009 PSSA RESULTS Central Fulton SD
  8. ↑ Central Fulton School District Academic Achievement Report Card 2010 data table
  9. ↑ Central Fulton Graduation Rate 2008, The Times-Tribune
  10. ↑ Pennsylvania Partnerships for Children - High School Graduation Rate 2007
  11. ↑ "Central Fulton School District Academic Achievement Report Card 2010". Retrieved January 18, 2011.
  12. ↑ Central Fulton School District PSSA Report 2009
  13. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education PSSA Math and Reading Results 2007
  14. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education Report on Science PSSA 2009 by Schools. September 14, 2010.
  15. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education Report on Science PSSA 2009 by Schools. August 2009.
  16. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education Report on Science PSSA 2008 by Schools. August 2008.
  17. ↑ 2010-2011 Pennsylvania Department of Education - Dual Enrollment Guidelines.
  18. ↑ Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement. Site accessed March 2010.
  19. ↑ Report: PA College Credit Transfer System Makes Higher Education More Affordable, Accessible, Pennsylvania Department of Education. April 29, 2010
  20. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education Dual Enrollment Fall Grants 2009-10. August 2009
  21. ↑ High School Student Handbook 2010
  22. ↑ Pennsylvania Code §4.24 (a) High school graduation requirements
  23. ↑ Pennsylvania’s New Graduation Requirements
  24. ↑ 2010 PSSA Results Central Fulton School District, Grading Our Schools databases, The Times-Tribune Published - September 14, 2010
  25. ↑ 2009 PSSA Results Central Fulton School District The Times Tribune, Published: June 27, 2010
  26. ↑ 2008 Reading PSSA Results Central Fulton School District, Grading Our Schools databases, The Times-Tribune Published - June 25, 2009
  27. ↑ 2008 Math PSSA Results Central Fulton School District, Grading Our Schools databases, The Times-Tribune Published - June 25, 2009
  28. ↑ 2010 Science PSSA Results Central Fulton School District, Grading Our Schools databases, The Times-Tribune Published - June 25, 2009
  29. ↑ Central Fulton School District Special Education Data Report LEA Performance on State Performance Plan (SPP) Targets School Year 2008-2009
  30. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education Bureau of Special Education reports Archived August 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  31. ↑ Special Education Funding from Pennsylvania State_2010-2011 July2010
  32. ↑ School District Annual Public Notice of Special Education Services and Programs, Services for Gifted Students, and Services for Protected Handicapped Students
  33. ↑ Central Fulton School District School Safety Annual Report 2008 - 2009
  34. ↑ Pennsylvania Safe Schools Online Reports
  35. ↑ Central Fulton School Board Policy BULLYING/ CYBERBULLYING Policy 249
  36. ↑ Regular Session 2007-2008 House Bill 1067, Act 61 Section 6 page 8
  37. ↑ Center for Safe Schools of Pennsylvania, Bullying Prevention advisory
  38. ↑ Pennsylvania Academic Standards
  39. ↑ Pa. Public School Salaries, Asbury Park Press 2009
  40. ↑ Central Fulton School District Payroll info Archived November 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  41. ↑ OpenPAgov - School payroll - Union contracts: Central Fulton School District Teachers' Union Contract Archived November 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  42. ↑ Fenton, Jacob, Average classroom teacher salaries in York County, 2006-07. The Morning Call. Accessed March 2010.
  43. ↑ Fenton, Jacob. Pennsylvania School District Data: Will School Consolidation Save Money?, The Morning Call, Feb 2009. Archived October 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  44. ↑ Per Pupil Spending in Pennsylvania Public Schools in 2008 Sort Spending
  45. ↑ CENTRAL FULTON SCHOOL DISTRICT FULTON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA PERFORMANCE AUDIT REPORT, December 2010
  46. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Revenue Personal Income Taxation Guidelines. Accessed April 2010
  47. ↑ PA Basic Education Funding-Printout2 2010-2011 Pennsylvania House Appropriations Committee Education Budget information.
  48. ↑ Governor's Budget Proposal 2009, The Pennsylvania Department of Education Budget Proposal 2009, Office of Budget, February 2009.
  49. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education Report on Funding by school district October 2009
  50. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education - Funding Allocations by district, October 2009
  51. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education Funding Report by Local Education Agency, October 2009.
  52. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education - Accountability Block Grant report 2010, Grantee list 2010
  53. ↑ Accountability Block Grant Mid Year report
  54. ↑ Pennsylvania Auditor General CFF grants audit 12/22/08
  55. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education - Educational Assistance Program Funding 2010-2011 Fiscal Year
  56. ↑ Fulton County ARRA FUNDING Archived March 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  57. ↑ Pennsylvania's 'Race to the Top' Fueled by Effective Reforms, Strong Local Support
  58. ↑ Race to the Top Fund, U.S. Department of Education, March 29, 2010.
  59. ↑ Common Cents program - Making Every Dollar Count
  60. ↑ Real Estate Tax Millage by School District, Pennsylvania Department of Education. 2010
  61. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Act 511 Tax Report, 2004
  62. ↑ Pennsylvania School District Finances_Real Estate Tax Rates_0910
  63. ↑ Pennsylvania School District Real Estate Tax Rates 2008-09
  64. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education 2010-11 Act 1 of 2006 Referendum Exception Guidelines.
  65. ↑ Special Session Act 1 of 2006 School District Adjusted Index for 2006-2007 through 2011-2012, Report prepared by Pennsylvania Department of Education, May 2010.
  66. ↑ Pennsylvania SSAct1_Act1 Exceptions Report 2010-2011 April 2010
  67. ↑ Scarcella, Frank and Pursell, Tricia, Local school tax assessments exceed state averages. The Daily Item, May 25, 2010
  68. ↑ Tax Relief per Homestead 2010, Pennsylvania Department of Education Report May 1, 2010
  69. ↑ Tax Relief per Homestead 5-1-09. Report Pennsylvania Department of Education, May 2009
  70. ↑ New Census Data on Property Taxes on Homeowners, Tax Foundation, September 22, 2009. Archived September 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  71. ↑ Auditor General Jack Wagner: Potentially Hundreds of Thousands Of Pennsylvanians Missing Out on Property Tax Relief from Slots
  72. ↑ Pennsylvania's Cities and Towns: Places in Decline
  73. ↑ Pennsylvania Legislative Budget and Finance Committee, Study of the Cost Effectiveness of Consolidating Pennsylvania School Districts, 2007 Part 2 page 89. Archived July 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  74. ↑ School District Consolidation Fact Sheet
  75. ↑ "Research Analyzes Rural School District Enrollment and Building Capacity", The Center for Rural Pennsylvania. October 2009.
  76. ↑ Pennsylvania Population data
  77. ↑ Trends in Rural School Enrollment: A 20-Year Perspective. The Center for Rural Pennsylvania.
  78. ↑ Pennsylvania Legislative Budget and Finance Committee, Study of the Cost Effectiveness of Consolidating Pennsylvania School Districts, 2007.
  79. ↑ Central Fulton School Board Policy Manual Extracurriculars Policy 122 and Interscholastic Athletics Policy 123
  80. ↑ Home-Schooled, Charter School Children Can Participate in School District Extracurricular Activities, Pennsylvania Office of the Governor Press Release, November 10, 2005

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