Casualties of the Syrian Civil War

Doctors and medical staff treating injured rebel fighters and civilians in Aleppo

Estimates of deaths in the Syrian Civil War, per opposition activist groups, vary between 301,781^[1] and 470,000.^[2] On 23 April 2016, the United Nations and Arab League Envoy to Syria put out an estimate of 400,000 that had died in the war.^[3]

UNICEF reported that over 500 children had been killed by early February 2012.^[4][5] Another 400 children were reportedly arrested and tortured in Syrian prisons.^[6][7] Both claims have been contested by the Syrian government.^[8] Additionally, over 600 detainees and political prisoners died under torture.^[9] The United Nations stated that by the end of April 2014, 8,803 children had been killed,^[10] while the Oxford Research Group said that a total of 11,420 children died in the conflict by late November 2013.^[11] By mid-September 2016, the opposition activist group Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) reported the number of children killed in the conflict had risen to 15,099, while at the same time 10,018 women were also killed.^[1]

Overall deaths

Total deaths over the course of the conflict in Syria (18 March 2011 – 18 October 2013)

Weekly deaths over the course of the conflict in Syria (18 March 2011 – 18 October 2013)

The number of fatalities in the conflict, according to the Syrian opposition website Syrian Martyrs, is 151,888, updated to 30 April 2016.^[12] The number includes 35,859 rebels but does not include members of the government security forces or pro-government foreign combatants who have died.^[13] The Syrian Martyrs number of civilian deaths is significantly higher than the ones presented by other organisations, including the UN, one reason being they record deaths even when no name is given for the reportedly killed individual.^[14]

Other estimates range from 292,815 to 470,000. All of the following totals include civilians, rebels and government forces:

At the start of the war, Al Jazeera journalist Nir Rosen stated that many of the deaths reported daily by activists were in fact armed insurgents falsely presented as civilian deaths, but confirmed that real civilian deaths do occur on a regular basis.^[15] A number of Middle East political analysts, including those from the Lebanese Al Akhbar newspaper, also urged caution.^[16][17][18]

This was later confirmed when in late May 2012, Rami Abdulrahman of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, which is one of the opposition-affiliated groups counting the number of those killed in the uprising, stated that civilians who had taken up arms during the conflict were being counted under the category of "civilians".^[19][20][21]

In May 2013, SOHR stated that at least 41,000 of those killed during the conflict were Alawites.^[22] By April 2015, reportedly a third of the country's 250,000 Alawites that were of fighting age had been killed.^[23]

Death tolls by time periods

The following figures were all compiled by the SOHR which is considered an authoritative source on the matter.^[24] The figures are only for documented deaths, while the SOHR estimates another 120,500 undocumented deaths had occurred.^[1]

Monthly documented fatalities in the Syrian civil war according to SOHR:

  Civilians

  Pro-government forces

  Syrian anti-government fighters, YPG

  Foreign anti-government fighters

Combatant deaths

Government forces

The non-Syrian militiamen fatalities figure includes: over 1,000 Iranian-lead fighters^[45] (464 Iranians, 508 Afghans, 123 Pakistanis),^[46][47][48] at least 565 Iraqi Shia militiamen,^{[49][50][51][52][53][54]} one Lebanese member of the SCNP^[55] and one member of the Lebanese Amal Movement.^[56] Other sources put the overall number of killed Iranian-lead forces, which also includes the Afghan and Pakistani militias, at over 3,000 by November 2016,^[57] and about 1,200 Iranian military fatalities by April 2016.^[58][59] Also, over 690 Palestinian militiamen have been killed and these include: 268 Liwa Al-Quds fighters,^[60][61][62] 204 members of the PLA,^[61][63] 93 PFLP–GC members,^[64] 54 Quwat al-Jalil fighters,^[65][61] 24 who belonged to Fatah al-Intifada^[64] and 51 other militiamen.^[61][64][65]

Except one death (August 2011),^[66] all of the Hezbollah fatalities have occurred since September 2012.^[67]

In early December 2013, rebels claimed that a pro-government Russian fighter was killed in fighting in Aleppo.^[68] In late 2015, it was reported 3^[69]–9^[70] Russian OSM security contractors had been killed. However, this was denied by Russia.^[71]

In addition, 1,000 civilian government officials have also been killed.^[72]

Anti-government forces

Due to the opposition's policy of counting rebel fighters that were not defectors as civilians^{[19][20][21][73]} a comprehensive number of rebels killed in the conflict, thus far, has not been ascertained. In late November 2012, the opposition activist group SOHR estimated that at least 10,000 rebels had been killed, but noted the possibility of the figure being higher because the rebels, like the government, were lying about how many of their forces had died to make it look like they were winning.^[74] In March 2013, SOHR stated that the actual number of killed rebels and government forces could be double the number they were already able to document.^[75]

It should be noted that 52,031 foreign rebel and ISIL fighters,^[1] at least 184 rebel suicide bombers^[79][80][81] and 246 rebel child soldiers^[82][83] have been killed in the conflict. Additionally, 25 foreign pro-Kurdish fighters died.^{[84][85][86][87][88][89]}

Foreigners killed

Foreign civilians killed

Foreign anti-government fighters killed

52,056 foreign anti-government fighters have been killed by mid-September, according to the SOHR.^{[1][84][85][86][87][88][89]}

9,936 foreign opposition fighters were killed by late December 2013, according to the Jihadist Salafist Movement in Jordan, with the nationalities being as follows: 1,902 Tunisians, 1,807 Libyans, 1,432 Iraqis, 828 Lebanese, 821 Egyptians, 800 Palestinians, 714 Saudis, 571 Yemenis, 412 Moroccans, 274 Algerians, 202 Jordanians, 91 Omanis, 71 Kuwaitis, 42 Somalis, 30 Albanians and Caucasians, 21 Bahrainis, 9 Emiratis, 8 Qataris, 3 Sudanese and 1 Mauritanian.^[112] The London-based European Centre for Syria Research put the number of Saudis killed even higher at 729 a month earlier in November 2013.^[113] The jihadist movement updated the number of Jordanians killed by late May 2014 to 342,^[114] although they put the figure in late October at over 250.^[115] According to another estimate, the Jordanian toll was at least 500 by July 2016.^[116]

According to Abu Omar al-Shishani, the Chechen ISIS commander, 500 militants from the Caucasus had been killed by mid-January 2014 since the start of the war.^[117] Ramzan Kadyrov, Head of the Chechen Republic, stated in late November 2015, that 200 Chechens had died.^[118]

According to a report by a Syrian military research center, as of September 2014: 3,872 Saudi, 3,691 Chechen and 2,904 Lebanese fighters had been killed. Another 2,689 Saudi fighters were missing.^[119]

In mid-May 2015, at least 70 Lebanese fighters were reported killed in the previous several months.^[120] In late December 2015, Tunis stated 800 Tunisian ISIL fighters had been killed since the start of the war.^[121]

The nationalities of some others are as follows: 300 Tajiks,^[122] 200 Frenchmen,^[123] 160–2,000 Russians,^[124][125] 150 Azerbaijanis,^[126] 142 Britons,^{[85][127][87]} 125 Germans,^{[84][128][89]} 120 Albanians,^[129] 90 Turks,^[130][131] 88 Belgians,^[132] 63 Australians,^{[133][86][134][135]} 45 Kyrgyz,^[136] 40 Swedes,^[137] 30–40 Bosniaks,^[138] 30 Dutch,^[139] 27 Danes,^[140] 21 Austrians,^[141][142] 19 Malaysians,^[143] 18 Americans,^{[144][145][146][147][148][88][149][89]} 15 Finns,^[150] 15 Norwegians,^[151] 14 Canadians,^[85][152] 13 Afghans,^[93][153] 4 Irishmen,^[154] 4 Israeli-Arabs,^[155] 4 Maldivians,^[156] 3 Chinese,^[157][158] 3 Pakistanis,^[159] 2-3 Filipinos,^[160] 2 Iranians,^[159][84] 2 Italians,^[104][161] 2 Eritreans,^[159] 2 Indonesians,^[156][159] 2 Mauritanians,^[162] 2 Spaniards,^[163] 2 Uzbeks,^[93][164] 1 Armenian,^[159] 1 Bulgarian,^[164] 1 Chadian,^[153] 1 Indian,^[165] 1 Japanese,^[166] 1 Romanian^[163] and 1 Slovenian.^[87]

Foreign soldiers killed

128 foreign soldiers have been killed during the conflict, mostly in the border areas with Syria.

16 servicemen killed
On 2 March 2013, one Iraqi soldier was killed during clashes between Syrian rebels and government forces at a Syrian-Iraqi border crossing.^[167] On 4 March 2013, 13 Iraqi soldiers were killed by unknown gunmen near the border with Syria while they were transporting 65 Syrian soldiers and government officials back to their country after they had retreated to Iraq a few days earlier. 48 of the Syrians were also killed in the attack.^[168][169] On 9 June 2013, Syrian rebels attacked a southern Iraqi border post, killing one Iraqi guard and wounding two.^[170] On 14 July 2013, another attack by fighters from the Syrian side of the border left one Iraqi policeman dead and five others wounded.^[171]

8 servicemen killed
A Jordanian soldier was killed in clashes with armed militants who were attempting to cross the border from Jordan into Syria on 22 October 2012.^[172] On 3 January 2015, ISIL burned a Jordanian military pilot alive in a metal cage. The pilot was captured after his airplane crashed near Al-Raqqah while conducting air-strikes.^[173] Six Jordanian soldiers were killed by a car-bomb blast near the Syrian refugee camp of al-Rukban on 21 June 2016.^[174]

48 servicemen killed
On 1 February 2013, two Lebanese soldiers were killed, along with 1-2 militants, and six were wounded in clashes near the Syrian border which started after an attempt by the military to arrest an anti-Assad rebel commander, who was also killed.^{[175][176][177]} On 28 May 2013, three Lebanese soldiers were killed in an attack on their checkpoint near the border town of Arsal by unknown militants who than fled over the border into Syria.^[178] On 29 March 2014, three soldiers were killed and four wounded in a suicide bomb attack on their checkpoint near Arsal.^[179] 20 soldiers were killed during the Battle of Arsal against Syrian and other foreign jihadists and a further four were captured and subsequently executed. On 19 September, two soldiers were killed by a roadside bomb near Arsal.^[180] On 2 December, six soldiers were killed and one wounded in an ambush by unknown gunmen in the Tal Hamra area of Ras Baalbek, near the border with Syria.^[181] On 23 January 2015, eight soldiers were killed and 22 wounded near Ras Baalbek after their outpost near the border was attacked by ISIS. The fighting also left more than 40 militants dead.^[182]

35 servicemen killed
Two members of the Turkish Air Force were killed when their F-4 Phantom II military jet was shot down near the Turkish-Syrian border by the Syrian Army on 22 June 2012.^[183] On 2 May 2013, one Turkish border guard policeman was killed in a clash with smugglers or rebel fighters on the border between Turkey and Syria. According to the opposition, two rebels were killed as well.^[184] Throughout 2014, seven soldiers and a policeman were killed along the border with Syria in shootouts with foreign jihadists, Kurdish fighters and other unknown gunmen.^{[185][186][187]} On 22 February 2015, a soldier was killed in an accident during a military incursion into Syria to evacuate Turkish troops at the Tomb of Suleyman Shah.^[188] Later, in two incidents in July and September, two soldiers were killed and five wounded by cross-border fire from ISIL territory in Syria.^[189][190] On 15 February 2016, a soldier died at the border during clashes against human smugglers that tried to cross the border illegally.^[191] Two Turkish soldiers died in a suicide bombing at a Syrian border crossing in mid-August.^[192] Following the start of Turkey's ground incursion into Syria against ISIL and Kurdish forces in late August 2016, 18 soldiers had died by 25 November.^[193]

2 servicemen killed
A U.S. Marine was killed on 1 October 2014, when the V-22 Osprey aircraft he was riding in nearly crashed into the sea while supporting air strikes against the Islamic State jihadist group in Syria, and he fell into the water.^[194] Also, a U.S. special forces member died due to a bomb explosion while supporting Kurdish-led forces during the Wrath of Euphrates offensive against ISIL-held Raqqa.^[195]

20 servicemen killed

One 19-year-old serviceman committed suicide.^[196] A Russian military co-pilot was killed when his Su-24 military plane was shot down near the Turkish-Syrian border by the Turkish military on 24 November 2015. His Pilot was later recovered alive and well by Russian and Syrian special forces. Additionally, a Russian marine was killed when his military rescue helicopter was shot down by rebels while searching for the downed planes pilots.^[197] On February 3, a Russian military advisor attached to Syrian troops was killed by rebel mortar fire,^[198] while another Russian soldier was killed by bombardment while being attached to the Syrian Army. A Special Forces soldier died while conducting target designation during the 2016 Palmyra offensive.^[199] Two Russian pilots died in a helicopter crash in April 2016.^[200] Another soldier died in July 2016 in Aleppo Province, and 5 more when their Mi-8 was shoot down in Late July.^[201]

Foreign air-strike casualties

It should be noted, the SOHR considers the following figures on ISIL, al-Nusra and other rebel fatalities to be higher due to the groups efforts to hide their losses.

American-led intervention

According to SOHR, U.S.-led Coalition airstrikes have killed 6,455 people across Syria, of which: 5,508 dead were ISIL fighters, 152 Al-Nusra Front militants and other rebels, 90 government soldiers and 705 civilians. The air strikes occurred in the period between 22 September 2014 and 23 November 2016.^[202]

Russian Intervention

According to SOHR, Russian airstrikes in Syria killed 10,503 people, of which: 2,911 were ISIL fighters, 3,108 militants from the Al-Qaeda affiliate al-Nusra Front and other rebel forces and 4,484 civilians. The air strikes occurred in the period between 30 September 2015 and 30 November 2016.^[203]

Medical workers killed

Killings of medical workers since the start of the Syrian Civil War, according to a PHR summary^[204]

  Attacks by government forces (95.5%)

  Non-state armed groups (2.5%)

  Kurdish forces (0.1%)

  Unknown forces (1.9%)

A February 2015 joint report by the Center for Public Health and Human Rights of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Syrian American Medical Society asserted that "Syria is the most dangerous place in the world to be a doctor".^[205] Roughly half (an estimated 15,000)^[206] of Syrian doctors fled the country.^[207] The government passed a law in 2012 making it illegal to render medical aid to anyone suspected to be an opposition member and Amnesty International found that doctors and medical staff also took part in torture of patients.^[206]

Physicians for Human Rights has been tracking the medical personnel deaths in Syria, though they state that "these numbers are conservative given the difficulties in reporting during a war." As of the end of September 2015, the number of medical workers killed in the Syrian civil war totaled 679.^[208] 648 of these deaths are attributable to the Syrian government, 17 by non-state armed groups, one by Kurdish forces, and 13 by unidentified forces.^[209][210] In February 2016, the number of killed medical personnel was updated to 697,^[211] and subsequently in June to more than 700.^[212]

Médecins Sans Frontières has reported that suppliers in Syria refuse to sell essential medical supplies such as gauze and surgical threads to doctors due to government intimidation, with this being a particular problem for besieged areas.^[206]

References

Syrian Civil War
Part of the Arab Spring
Background Timeline Background 1963 coup d'état 1966 coup d'état 1970 "Corrective Revolution" 1979–82 Islamic uprising 1999 Latakia protests 2000–01 Damascus Spring 2004 al-Qamishli riots Syrian occupation of Lebanon 2005 Damascus Declaration Human rights in Syria 2011 (Jan–Apr • May–Aug • Sep–Dec) Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb Siege of Daraa Siege of Baniyas Talkalakh siege Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh Jisr ash-Shugur operation Siege of Hama Siege of Homs Jabal al-Zawiya operation Siege of Latakia Deir ez-Zor Clashes Rif Dimashq clashes Battle of Zabadani Battle of Douma Daraa Governorate clashes First Battle of Rastan Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush Idlib Governorate clashes Jabal al-Zawiya massacres 2012 (Jan–Apr • May–Aug • Sep–Dec) al-Midan bombing Second Battle of Rastan First Idlib operation First Battle of Idlib First Battle of al-Qusayr Second Idlib operation Battle of Taftanaz Third Battle of Rastan Houla massacre Battle of al-Haffah Al-Qubeir massacre Battle of Tremseh Battle of Damascus Damascus bombing Battle of Aleppo Battle of Anadan Siege of Base 46 First Rif Dimashq offensive Darayya massacre Battle of Khirbet al-Joz Battle of Maarrat al-Nu'man First Siege of Wadi Deif Battle of Harem Second Rif Dimashq offensive Battle of Darayya Aqrab massacre First Hama offensive Halfaya massacre Battle of Darayya Quneitra Governorate clashes Talbiseh bakery massacre 2013 (Jan–Apr • May–Dec) Battle of Safira Battle of Shadadeh Damascus offensive Battle of Raqqa Daraa offensive Third Rif Dimashq offensive Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl Ghouta chemical attack Al-Qusayr offensive Second Battle of al-Qusayr Bayda and Baniyas massacres Second Hama offensive Hatla massacre Khan al-Assal chemical attack Khan al-Assal massacre Adra massacre Battle of Ras al-Ayn Fourth Rif Dimashq offensive Aleppo offensive 2014 (Jan–Jul • Aug–Dec) First Inter-Rebel Conflict Battle of Markada First Deir ez-Zor Offensive Battle of Mork 2nd Daraa Offensive Maan massacre Al-Otaiba ambush 4th Idlib Offensive Battle of Hosn 2nd Latakia Offensive Battle of Al-Malihah Kafr Zita chemical attack Second Siege of Wadi Deif 2nd Qalamoun Offensive Battle of Arsal First Battle of the Shaer gas field Eastern Syria Offensive Battle for Tabqa Air base 3rd Hama Offensive Quneitra Offensive 6th Rif Dimashq offensive Siege of Kobanî 3rd Daraa offensive 2nd Al-Safira offensive Idlib Raid Second Inter-Rebel Conflict Second Battle of the Shaer gas field Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive 2015 (Jan–Jul • Aug–Dec) An-26 crash 4th Daraa Offensive Southern Syria Offensive Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 1st Battle of Sarrin 2nd Battle of Sarrin Battle of Bosra 5th Idlib Offensive Second Battle of Idlib Battle of Nasib Border Crossing 2nd Battle of Yarmouk Camp Western al-Hasakah offensive Palmyra offensive (May 2015) Tell Abyad offensive Kobanî massacre Quneitra offensive Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015) 7th Rif Dimashq offensive Northwestern Syria offensive 2015 Aleppo offensive 2015 Al-Hawl offensive Homs offensive (November–December 2015) East Aleppo offensive (2015–16) Latakia offensive (2015–2016) Tishrin Dam offensive 2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown 2016 (Jan–Apr * May–Aug) Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive Sayyidah Zaynab bombings Wusta clashes Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016) Ithriyah-Raqqah offensive (February–March 2016) Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016) February Homs bombings February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 2016 Khanasir offensive Battle of Tel Abyad Qamishli clashes (April 2016) Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016) Palmyra offensive (March 2016) East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016) 8th Rif Dimashq offensive Northern Raqqa offensive (May 2016) May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings Ithriyah-Raqqah offensive (June 2016) 9th Rif Dimashq offensive Manbij offensive (2016) Tokhar 2016 Southern Aleppo campaign Battle of al-Rai (August 2016) 2016 Aleppo campaign Jarabulus offensive (2016) Western al-Bab offensive (2016) 5 September 2016 Syria bombings September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid September 2016 Urum al-Kubra Aid Convoy Attack September Aleppo offensive 2016 Dabiq offensive Western al-Bab offensive (October 2016) Aleppo offensive (October 2016) Khan al-Shih offensive (October 2016) Northern Raqqa offensive (November 2016) Northern al-Bab offensive (November 2016) Battle of al-Bab (2016) Aleppo offensive (November 2016) Spillover Spillover into Lebanon Lebanese–Syrian border clashes Battle of Sidon Iranian Embassy Bombing Northern Lebanon Clashes Syrian-Turkish border clashes December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash Turkish aircraft shootdown October 2012 Syrian-Turkish border clashes Reyhanlı bombings January 2014 Turkish airstrike in Syria Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents Jordanian-Syrian border clashes April 2014 Jordanian–Syrian border airstrike Spillover into Iraq Akashat ambush Operation al-Shabah April 2014 Iraqi–Syrian border airstrike
Involved parties Syria Ba'ath Government| Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Syrian Social Nationalist Party Arab Socialist Movement Syrian Communist Party Military & Militias Syrian Armed Forces Ba'ath Brigades Syrian Resistance Syrian Social Nationalist Party PFLP-GC Palestine Liberation Army Liwa al-Quds Smaller groups Support for the government Hezbollah involvement Iranian involvement Liwa Fatemiyoun Russia's involvement military intervention Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) Opposition & allies NCSR Government National Coalition Local Co-ordination Committees Syrian National Council Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change Syrian Revolution General Commission Syrian Support Group Adopt a Revolution Opposition militias Jaysh al-Halab Fatah Halab Hawar Kilis Southern Front Jaysh al-Islam Al-Rahman Legion Liwa al-Majid Martyrs of Islam Brigade Ajnad al-Sham Islamic Union Victory Brigades New Syrian Army Jaysh Usud al-Sharqiya Forces of Martyr Ahmad al-Abdo Jabhat Ansar al-Islam Alwiya al-Furqan Support for the Opposition American-led intervention American rescue mission Jordanian intervention Qatari involvement Saudi Arabia Turkey Army of Conquest & allies Army of Conquest Jabhat Fateh al-Sham Ahrar al-Sham Sham Legion Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki Jaysh al-Sunna Suqour al-Sham Brigade Liwa al-Haqq Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria Allied groups Jabhat Ansar al-Din Ansar al-Sham Caucasus Emirate Ajnad al-Kavkaz Junud al Makhdi Rojava (SDF) Rojava government Democratic Union Party Kurdish National Council Smaller political groups SDF groups People's Protection Units Women's Protection Units Al-Sanadid Forces Syriac Military Council Army of Revolutionaries Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa Al-Nukhbat Brigade Free Officers Union SDF Military Councils ISIL Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Military of ISIL Jamaat Bayt al-Maqdis al-Islamiya Dokumacılar Allied groups Khalid ibn al-Walid Army
People Ammar Abdulhamid Ali al-Abdallah Adnan al-Aroor al-Assad family Bashar Maher Rifaat Rami Makhlouf Hafez Makhlouf Riad al-Asaad Anwar al-Bunni Fahd Jassem al-Freij Haitham al-Maleh Moaz al-Khatib Kamal al-Labwani Hamza al-Khateeb Tal al-Mallohi Fida al-Sayed Riad al-Turk Khaled Khoja Ammar al-Qurabi Suheir Atassi Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni Aref Dalila Farid Ghadry Burhan Ghalioun Razan Ghazzawi Ghassan Hitto Salim Idris Randa Kassis Abdul Halim Khaddam Michel Kilo Bassma Kodmani Ali Habib Mahmud Ali Mahmoud Othman Ibrahim Qashoush Dawoud Rajiha Yassin al-Haj Saleh Bouthaina Shaaban Adib Shishakly Abdulbaset Sieda Riad Seif Fadwa Soliman Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid Yaser Tabbara Razan Zaitouneh Rami Jarrah Abdurrahman Mustafa
Issues Peace process Related topics Issues Casualties Chemical weapons Cities and towns Damaged heritage sites Foreign involvement Human rights violations Humanitarian aid International reactions International demonstrations and protests Massacres Refugees (European migrant crisis) Sectarianism and minorities Spillover into Lebanon Syrian reactions Peace process Arab League monitors Friends of Syria Group Kofi Annan peace plan UN Supervision Mission Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria 39th G8 summit UN Security Council Resolution 2118 Geneva II Conference 2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement 2015 Vienna talks 2016 Geneva talks Related topics 2014 Syrian detainee report Exclusive mandate Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference International recognition of the Syrian National Council Syria Files Syrian media coverage The Return to Homs Silvered Water, Syria Self-Portrait Sunnistan
Category