Castle of Mau Vizinho (Vila Real)
| Castle of Mau Vizinho (Castelo do Mau Vizinho) | |
| Castle of Moors | |
| Castle (Castelo) | |
| Official name: Castelo do Mau Vizinho/Castelo dos Mouros | |
| Country |  Portugal |
|---|---|
| Region | Chaves |
| Subregion | Alto Trás-os-Montes |
| District | Vila Real |
| Municipality | Chaves |
| Location | Cimo da Velha Castanheira |
| Style | Medieval |
| Materials | Granite, Schist |
| Owner | Portuguese Republic |
| For public | Public |
| Visitation | Closed |
| Easiest access | Roadway from Cimo de Vila da Castanheira along the Estrada Municipal E.M. Cimo de Bolideira-Roriz, from the 186 kilometres (116 mi) markers from the Estrada Nacional E.N.103 |
| Management | Instituto Gestão do Patrimonio Arquitectónico e Arqueológico |
| Status | Property of Public Interest Imóvel de Interesse Público |
| Listing | Decree 1/86; Diário da República, Série 1, 2 (3 January 1986) |
| Wikimedia Commons: Castelo do Mau Vizinho | |
The Castle of Mau Vizinho (Portuguese: Castelo do Mau Vizinho) is a medieval castle situated in the civil parish of Cimo de Vila da Castanheira, in the municipality of Chaves, district of Vila Real. Also referred to as the Castle of Moors (Portuguese: Castelo dos Mouros), it is literally translated as the Castle of the Bad Neighbour
History
Traditionally thought to be a pre-Roman sanctuary, the site did not present the typical structures, such as the ritual altars normally found in other sites in the area (such as Pias dos Mouros in Valpaços, Vilar de Perdizes in Montalegre or Panóias in Vila Real).[1] Although dates presented in field surveys do not extend to the period, there is an assumption that further archaeological research may substantiate a pre-Roman culture.[1]
Archaeologist António da Eira e Costa first discovered the castle ruins in the late 1960s and early 1970s,[2] and successive excavations were undertaken between 1981 and 1989:
- in the summer of 1981, led by Adérito Medeiros Freitas, Antonio da Eira and Costa and Joaquim Rodrigues dos Santos Junior, that promoted clearing and investigation of the layout of the structure;[3]
- in September 1988, where the same team, with the participation of Norberto dos Santos Junior, continued clearing and investigation of the layout[4]
- in September 1989, led by Adérito Medeiros Freitas and António da Eira and Costa, which was completed with funds from the municipality of Chaves.[3]
As a result of this work, the site was classified as a Property of Public Interest by Decree (3 January 1986).
The artefacts unearthed at the site include fragments of medieval ceramics.[1] Archaeological analysis at the site consists of a clay cossoiro and tile fragments, as well as pottery. The style and technique used during the period correspond to processes employed during the Middle Ages.[5]
Architecture
The castle is situated in an isolated, rural hilltop covered in oak trees, with difficult access to an area the terminates over the valley of the Mousse River, approximately 562 metres (1,844 ft) below.[1] The remains of the rock cliff castle is defended by a line walls constructed in schist, and held together by clay, with granite corner stones that include cliff stone that crown the top of the hill.[1] In addition to the first wall of fortification discovered, there are several redoubt along the cliff, that may have been associated a secondary ring of defenses.[1]
The structure consisted of a shale/schist rock fortification and likely included a central turret. The central spaces included 184 square metres (1,980 sq ft) where a currently a mound of mortared schist stone is located in two sections. Externally there are a number of rock cavities, that sheltered perishable materials (likely wood) and represented the second defensive line. The fortifications are accessible from an alignment of stones acting as steps, dug into the rock face.
References
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sereno, Isabel; Amaral, Paulo (1993), SIPA, ed., Castelo do Mau Vizinho/Castelo dos Mouros (IPA.00006015/PT011703090014) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, retrieved 28 March 2016
- ↑ António da Eira e Costa (1973), p.345–351
- 1 2 António da Eira Costa, Adérito Medeiros Freitas and Joaquim Rodrigues dos Santos Junior (1982), p.293–320
- ↑ António da Eira Costa, Adérito Medeiros Freitas and Joaquim Rodrigues dos Santos Junior (1989), p.368–410
- ↑ "DGPC | Direção Geral do Património Cultural". www.patrimoniocultural.pt. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
References
- Azevedo, Pedro A. de (1902), "Extractos archeologicos das Memorias Parochiaes de 1758", O Archeologo Português (in Portuguese) (7 (2/3)), Lisbon, Portugal, p. 76
- Costa, António da Eira e (1973), "O Castelo do Mau Vizinho", Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia (in Portuguese) (22 (3)), Porto, Portugal, pp. 345–351
- Martins, João Baptista (1984), Inventário de sítios com interesse arqueológico do concelho de Chaves, trabalho dactilografado (in Portuguese) (15), Chaves, Portugal
- Santos Junior, Joaquim Rodrigues dos; Freitas, Adérito Medeiros; COSTA, António da Eira e (1982), "Campanha de Trabalhos. Castelo do Mau Vizinho. Cimo de Vila da Castanheira - Chaves", Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia (in Portuguese) (24 (2)), Porto, Portugal, pp. 293–320
- Santos Junior, Joaquim Rodrigues dos; Freitas, Adérito Medeiros; COSTA, António da Eira e (1989), "O Santuário do Castelo do Mau Vizinho", Revista de Guimarães (in Portuguese) (99 (2)), Guimarães, Portugal, pp. 368–410
- Silva, Armando C.F. (1986), A Cultura Castreja no Noroeste de Portugal (in Portuguese), Paços de Ferreira, Portugal, p. 301
- Teixeira, Ricardo; Amaral, Paulo (1985), Levantamento Arqueológico do Concelho de Chaves, relatórios anuais de actividades (in Portuguese), Chaves, Portugal