Battle of Sphacteria (1825)

Battle of Sphacteria

Depiction of the Battle of Sphacteria and the siege of Navarino, as depicted by Panagiotis Zographos

Date	8 May 1825
Location	Sphacteria, Greece
Result	Ottoman Egyptian victory

Belligerents

Greek revolutionaries

Ottoman Egypt

Commanders and leaders

Anastasios Tsamados †

Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt

Strength

Small Greek contingent

1500

Greek War of Independence

Kalamata Patras Alamana 1st Acropolis Gravia Valtetsi Doliana Dragashani Sculeni Vasilika Trench Tripolitsa 1st Chios Peta Dervenakia 1st Messolonghi Karpenisi Psara Nauplia 2nd Messolonghi Greek civil wars Samos Gerontas Sphacteria Neokastro Maniaki Mills of Lerna 3rd Messolonghi Mani 2nd Acropolis Arachova Kamatero Phaleron Navarino 2nd Chios Petra

The Battle of Sphacteria was fought on 8 May 1825 in Sphacteria, Greece between the Egyptian forces of Ibrahim Pasha and Greek forces led by Captain Anastasios Tsamados along with Alexandros Mavrokordatos.

Battle

Commanding both a powerful army and navy, Ibrahim initiated attacks on both Paliokastro and the island of Sphacteria. As a result, Mavrocordatos rushed to their defense while Captain Tsamados from Hydra held off Ibrahim's forces. Fifteen hundred Arabs landed on the island only to be met with resistance by Tsamados who led a small contingent of sailors and soldiers. Shot in the leg, Tsamados continued fighting on his knees until he was killed.

The remaining Greek sailors rushed back to their ship, the Aris, and with Mavrocordatos sailed through a Turkish fleet of thirty-four ships. For four hours, the remaining Greeks were bombarded and casualties entailed two dead along with eight wounded.^[1]

References

↑ Smith and Felton, p. 641. [Footnote] "In May, 1825, Ibrahim Pacha attacked Palaeo-Castro and the little island of Sphacteria, with a powerful fleet and army. Mavrocordatos had rushed to their defence. He threw himself with his suite into the island, which was at the moment held by a brave young Hydriote captain named Tsamados, and a small body of soldiers and sailors. Fifteen hundred Arabs landed on the island, but met with a desperate resistance from Tsamados and his gallant band. Tsamados was shot in the leg, but continued fighting on his knees until he was knocked down and killed. When this was known, the sailors, regaining their brig, on board which Mavrocordatos had already taken refuge, ran out through the Turkish fleet of thirty-four ships of war, and, having been exposed for more than four hours to their fire, escaped with riddled sails and rigging shot away, with two men killed and eight wounded. The surrender of Navarino followed; and not long after, the whole Morea, except the unconquerable Manotes, lay at the mercy of Ibrahim."

Sources

Smith, William and Felton, Cornelius Conway. A History of Greece: From the Earliest Times to the Roman Conquest, with Supplementary Chapters on the History of Literature and Art. Hickling, Swan, and Brown, 1855.

Greek War of Independence (1821–29)

Background

Ottoman Greece	People: Ali Pasha Armatoloi/Klephts Daskalogiannis Dionysius the Philosopher Lambros Katsonis Maniots Phanariotes Souliotes Events: Orlov Revolt 1770 Ottoman Invasion of Mani Ottoman–Venetian Wars

Greek Enlightenment	People: Cosmas of Aetolia Theoklitos Farmakidis Rigas Feraios Anthimos Gazis Theophilos Kairis Adamantios Korais Eugenios Voulgaris Organisations: Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio Filiki Eteria Filomousos Eteria

Western Europe	French Revolution Napoleonic Wars Septinsular Republic United States of the Ionian Islands

Ideas	Nationalism Orthodox Christianity Hellenic Nomarchy Liberalism Constitutionalism

Events

Battles	Kalamata Patras Alamana 1st Acropolis Gravia Valtetsi Doliana Dragashani Sculeni Vasilika Trench Tripolitsa Peta Dervenakia 1st Messolonghi Karpenisi 2nd Messolonghi Greek civil wars Sphacteria Neokastro Maniaki Lerna Mills 3rd Messolonghi Mani 2nd Acropolis Arachova Kamatero Phaleron Chios Petra

Massacres	Constantinople Thessaloniki Navarino Tripolitsa Naousa Samothrace Chios Psara Kasos

Naval conflicts	Nauplia Psara Samos Andros Sphacteria Gerontas Souda Alexandria Navarino

Ships	Greek sloop Karteria Greek brig Aris

Greek regional councils	Messenian Senate Directorate of Achaea Peloponnesian Senate Senate of Western Continental Greece Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece Provisional Regime of Crete Military-Political System of Samos

Greek National Assemblies	First (Epidaurus) Second (Astros) Third (Troezen) Fourth (Argos) Fifth (Nafplion)

International Conferences, Treaties and Protocols	Congress of Laibach Congress of Verona Protocol of St Petersburg Treaty of London Conference of Poros London Protocol of 1828 London Protocol of 1829 Treaty of Adrianople London Protocol of 1830 London Conference Treaty of Constantinople

Personalities

Greece	Odysseas Androutsos Markos Botsaris Laskarina Bouboulina Constantin Denis Bourbaki Hatzimichalis Dalianis Athanasios Diakos Germanos III of Old Patras Yannis Gouras Dimitrios Kallergis Athanasios Kanakaris Constantine Kanaris Ioannis Kapodistrias Stamatios Kapsas Georgios Karaiskakis Nikolaos Kasomoulis Ioannis Kolettis Theodoros Kolokotronis Georgios Kountouriotis Antonios Kriezis Nikolaos Kriezotis Lykourgos Logothetis Andreas Londos Yannis Makriyannis Manto Mavrogenous Alexandros Mavrokordatos Petrobey Mavromichalis Andreas Metaxas Andreas Miaoulis Theodoros Negris Nikitaras Antonis Oikonomou Ioannis Orlandos Papaflessas Dimitrios Papanikolis Emmanouel Pappas Ioannis Papafis Christoforos Perraivos Georgios Sachtouris Iakovos Tombazis Anastasios Tsamados Ioannis Varvakis Demetrios Ypsilantis

Philhellenes	London Philhellenic Committee Lord Byron François-René de Chateaubriand Richard Church Lord Cochrane Jean-Gabriel Eynard Charles Fabvier Thomas Gordon Frank Abney Hastings Carl von Heideck Johann Jakob Meyer Karl Normann Maxime Raybaud Giuseppe Rosaroll Santorre di Santa Rosa Friedrich Thiersch Ludwig I of Bavaria German Legion Serbs

Moldavia and Wallachia	Alexander Ypsilantis Sacred Band Giorgakis Olympios Yiannis Pharmakis Dimitrie Macedonski Tudor Vladimirescu

Ottoman Empire and Egypt	Sultan Mahmud II Hurshid Pasha Nasuhzade Ali Pasha Omer Vrioni Kara Mehmet Mahmud Dramali Pasha Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha Reşid Mehmed Pasha Yussuf Pasha Ibrahim Pasha Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi

Britain, France and Russia	Stratford Canning Edward Codrington Henri de Rigny Nicholas I of Russia Login Geiden

Morea expedition	Military: Nicolas Joseph Maison Louis-Eugène Cavaignac Antoine Virgile Schneider Amédée Despans-Cubières Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély Camille Alphonse Trézel Scientific: Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent Gabriel Bibron Gaspard Auguste Brullé Gérard Paul Deshayes Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval Pierre-Narcisse Guérin Edgar Quinet

Impact

Art	Eugène Delacroix Louis Dupré Peter von Hess Victor Hugo François Pouqueville Karl Krazeisen Andreas Kalvos Dionysios Solomos Theodoros Vryzakis Hellas Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi The Massacre at Chios The Free Besieged Hymn to Liberty The Archipelago on Fire

Remembrance	25 March (Independence Day) Hymn to Liberty Eleftheria i thanatos Pedion tou Areos Propylaea (Munich) Garden of Heroes (Missolonghi) Evzones

Coordinates: 36°55′48″N 21°39′57″E / 36.9301°N 21.6657°E / 36.9301; 21.6657

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