BBCH-scale (citrus)

The BBCH-scale for citrus is a classification system used in biology to describe the phenological development of citrus plants using the BBCH-scale.

The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of citrus plants are:

Growth stageCodeDescription
0: Sprouting/Bud development 00 Dormancy: leaf and inflorescence buds undifferentiated, closed and covered by green scales
01 Beginning of bud swelling
03 End of bud swelling: green scales slightly separated
07 Beginning of bud burst
09 Green leaf tips visible
1: Leaf development 10 First leaves separating: green scales slightly open, leaves emerging
11 First leaves visible[1]
15 More leaves visible, not yet at full size
19 First leaves fully expanded
3: Shoot development 31 Beginning of shoot growth: axes of developing shoots visible
32 Shoots about 20% of final length
39 Shoots about 90% of final length
5: Inflorescence emergence 51 Inflorescence buds swelling: buds closed, light green scales visible
53 Bud burst: scales separated, floral tips visible
55 Flowers visible, still closed (green bud), borne on single or multiflowered leafy or leafless inflorescences
56 Flower petals elongating; sepals covering half corolla (white bud)
57 Sepals open: petal tips visible; flowers with white or purplish petals, still closed
59 Most flowers with petals forming a hollow ball
6: Flowering 60 First flowers open
61 Beginning of flowering: about 10% of flowers open
65 Full flowering: 50% of flowers open; first petals falling
67 Flowers fading: majority of petals fallen
69 End of flowering: all petals fallen
7: Development of fruit 71 Fruit set; beginning of ovary growth; beginning of fruitlets abscission
72 Green fruit surrounded by sepal crown
73 Some fruits slightly yellow: beginning of physiological fruit drop
74 Fruits about 40% of final size. Dark green fruit: end of physiological fruit drop
79 Fruits about 90% of final size
8: Maturity of fruit 81 Beginning of fruit colouring (colour-break)
83 Fruit ripe for picking; fruit has not yet developed variety-specific colour
85 Advanced ripening; increase in intensity of variety-specific colour
89 Fruit ripe for consumption; fruit has typical taste and firmness; beginning of senescence and fruit abscission
9: Senescence, beginning of dormancy 91 Shoot growth complete; foliage fully green
93 Beginning of senescence and abscission of old leaves
97 Winter dormancy period

References

  1. ↑ In Citrus the term "visible" replaces "unfolded" used for other fruit species. Leaf unfolding takes place precociously in citrus.
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