Avia B.35

B.35

Role	Fighter
Manufacturer	Avia
Designer	František Novotný
First flight	28 September 1938
Number built	3

The Avia B.35 (RLM designation Av-35) was a fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia shortly before World War II. It was designed to meet a 1935 requirement by the Czechoslovakian Air Force for a replacement for their B-534 fighter biplanes. The B.35 was an elegant, low-wing monoplane with an elliptical wing. The fuselage was constructed from welded steel tube, covered in metal ahead of and including the cockpit and fabric aft of the cockpit, while the wing was of entirely wooden construction. Rather anachronistically, the Air Force specified a fixed tailwheel undercarriage for the aircraft, in the hope that this would speed development, as the mechanism for retracting the undercarriage was simply not yet available.^[1]

Development

Scale model, showing the original elliptical wing of the B.35

The first prototype, the B-35/1 displayed excellent flying characteristics and high speed and was originally powered by a Hispano-Suiza 12Ydrs piston engine. The powerplant was later changed to a 12Ycrs with an identical power output, but with provision for an autocannon to be fitted between the cylinder banks to fire through the propeller hub. Testing continued until 22 November 1938, when the aircraft was destroyed in a crash that killed Avia test pilot Arnošt Kavalec.^[2] Nevertheless, a second prototype, B-35/2, was already reaching completion, and was fitted with redesigned ailerons and flaps. It first flew on 30 December with testing beginning in earnest in February 1939. A preproduction series of ten aircraft was ordered, but before these could be built, Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in March 1939.

Development however was resumed under German control, with the substantially revised B.35/3 flying in August 1939. The elliptical leading edges of the wings had been replaced with straight ones, and an outwardly-retracting main undercarriage was fitted. This prototype was the first to actually carry its intended armament. Now, wearing German markings and the registration D-IBPP, it was displayed at the Salon de l'Aéronautique in Brussels, where enough interest was generated to spur development of an improved version of the aircraft as the B.135.^[3]

Variants

B-35/1: First prototype.
B-35/2: Second prototype.
B-35/3: Third prototype.

Specifications (B.35/1)

General characteristics

Crew: one pilot
Length: 8.50 m (27 ft 11 in)
Wingspan: 10.85 m (35 ft 7 in)
Height: 2.60 m (8 ft 6 in)
Wing area: 17.00 m² (183 ft ft²)
Empty weight: 1,690 kg (3,726 lb)
Gross weight: 2,200 kg (4,850 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs Twelve-cylinder supercharged liquid-cooled 60° V12 engine, 640 kW (860 hp) each

Performance

Maximum speed: 495 km/h (308 mph)
Range: 500 km (311 miles)
Rate of climb: 13.0 m/s (2,560 ft/min)

References

Notes

↑ Bílý 2003, p. 11.
↑ Bílý 2003, p. 20.
↑ Bílý 2003, pp. 36–45.

Bibliography

Bílý, Miroslav with Dénes Bernád and Pavel Kučera. Avia B-35/B-135 (in Czech/English). Praha, Czech Republic: MBI, 2003. ISBN 80-86524-03-5.
Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War, Fighters, Volume One. London: Macdonald & Co.(Publishers) Ltd., 1960 (10th impression 1972). ISBN 0-356-01445-2.
Taylor, Michael J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions, 1989.
World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing. (pages=File 889 Sheet 85)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Avia B-35.

Avia aircraft

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