Anterior cerebral artery syndrome

Anterior cerebral artery syndrome
Outer surface of cerebral hemisphere, showing areas supplied by cerebral arteries. (Blue is region supplied by anterior cerebral artery.)
Classification and external resources
Specialty	neurology
ICD-10	G46.1
MeSH	D020243

Anterior cerebral artery syndrome is a condition whereby the blood supply from the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is restricted, leading to a reduction of the function of the portions of the brain supplied by that vessel: the medial aspects of the frontal and parietal lobes, basal ganglia, anterior fornix and anterior corpus callosum.^[1]

Depending upon the area and severity of the occlusion, signs and symptoms may vary within the population affected with ACA syndrome. Blockages to the proximal (A1) segment of the vessel produce only minor deficits due to the collateral blood flow from the opposite hemisphere via the anterior communicating artery. Occlusions distal to this segment will result in more severe presentation of ACA syndrome. Contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss of the lower extremity is the most common symptom associated with ACA syndrome.^[1]

Signs and symptoms

Hemiparesis or hemiplegia contralaterally, involving primarily the lower limbs and pelvic floor musculature
Sensory deficits contralaterally, involving primarily the leg and perineum
Apraxia (due to branches to the supplementary motor area and corpus callosum)^[1]
Disconnection syndrome (due to callosal branches)
Anosmia (due to branches of the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract)
Urinary incontinence^[1]
Grasp reflex and or sucking reflex contralaterally (if circle of Willis compromised)^[1]

References

1 2 3 4 5 O'Sullivan, Susan (2007). "Physical Rehabilitation", p.709-711. F.A. Davis, Philadelphia. ISBN 0-8036-1247-8

External links

751828993 at GPnotebook

Cerebrovascular diseases (G45–G46 and I60–I69, 430–438)

Brain ischemia/
cerebral infarction
(ischemic stroke/TIA)

TACI, PACI	precerebral: Carotid artery stenosis cerebral: MCA ACA Amaurosis fugax Moyamoya disease

POCI	precerebral: Anterior spinal artery syndrome Vertebrobasilar insufficiency Subclavian steal syndrome brainstem: medulla Medial medullary syndrome Lateral medullary syndrome pons Medial pontine syndrome/Foville's Lateral pontine syndrome/Millard-Gubler midbrain Weber's Benedikt Claude's cerebral: PCA Lacunar stroke Dejerine–Roussy syndrome cerebellar

General	cerebral: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis CADASIL Binswanger's disease Transient global amnesia

Intracranial hemorrhage
(hemorrhagic stroke)

Extra-axial	Epidural Subdural Subarachnoid

Cerebral/Intra-axial	Intraventricular

Brainstem	Duret haemorrhage

Aneurysm

Cerebral aneurysm
- Intracranial berry aneurysm
- Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm

Other/general

Cerebral vasculitis

Lesions of spinal cord and brain

Spinal cord/
vascular myelopathy

sensory: Sensory ataxia
Tabes dorsalis

motor: Motor neurone disease

mixed: Brown-Séquard syndrome
cord syndrome (Posterior
Anterior
Central/Syringomyelia)
Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord (B12)
Cauda equina syndrome

Anterior spinal artery syndrome

Brainstem

Medulla (CN 8, 9, 10, 12)	Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg PICA Medial medullary syndrome/Dejerine ASA

Pons (CN 5, 6, 7, 8)	Upper dorsal pontine syndrome/Raymond Céstan syndrome Lateral pontine syndrome (AICA) (lateral) Medial pontine syndrome/Millard-Gubler syndrome/Foville's syndrome(basilar) Locked-in syndrome Internuclear ophthalmoplegia One and a half syndrome

Midbrain (CN 3, 4)	Weber's syndrome ventral peduncle, PCA Benedikt syndrome ventral tegmentum, PCA Parinaud's syndrome dorsal, tumor Nothnagel's syndrome Claude's syndrome

Other	Alternating hemiplegia

Thalamic syndrome

Other

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