Abai (opera)

Abai (Абай) is an opera in two acts, created by Latif Khamidi and Akhmet Zhubanov, on a libretto of Mukhtar Auezov, inspired by a slice of the life of the poet Abai Qunanbaiuli (1845-1904).

Created on December 24, 1944 at the Kazakh Academic Theater of Opera and Ballets during the year preceding the centenary of Qunanbaiuli's birth, it is considered as one of "the most beautiful operas written in kazakh language".^[1]

History

For the premiere, the distribution, upon direction of Jandarbekov, included Rishat Abdulin (as Abai), Kulyash Baisseitova (as Ajar) and Anuarbek Umbetbayev (as Aidar).^[2]

The opera has been shown in Moscow in 1958, in Berlin and Dresden in 1986 and in Paris at the théâtre des Champs-Élysées on October 26 of 2014.^[2]

The opera is part of the repertoire of the Astana opera.

Scenario

Abai helps Aidar, one of his disciples, and his fiance, Ajar, to overcome the obstacles to their wedding, but a rival poisons the young man.^[3]

First Act

• First scene

While nightly fleeing, Aidar and Ajar are caught by the members of the clan of Narymbet, spouse of Ajar by arranged marriage. Aidar invokes the name of Abai as his protector, but it only increases the anger of their chasers, who decide to tie him to a horse and to drag him. Abai comes and intervene in favor of the young couple, swearing to protect them. The question should be brought before the Aqsaqal. Jirenshe, an infleunt man, partisan of the clan of Narymbeta, asks Azim, another disciple of Abai, to convince Ajar of returning in her village, and to deliver up Aidar. Azim declines. Nevertheless, Azim is jealous of the poetic talent of Aidar and of the preference Abai shows towards him. The aqsaqal visits Abai, and asks to hear Ajar. The latter explains that only love drove her to abandon her spouse, infringe the tradition and join Aidar.

• Second scene

Judgement scene upon presidency of Syrttan. Jirenshe requires the death of Aidar and the return of Ajar in her village. Azim defends Aidar, but his argumentation turns contradicted; then, Abai pleads the cause of the young couple, and wins the case. Jirenshe and the members of the clan of Narymbet swear to make Aidar perish.

Second Act

• Third scene

Celebration of Ajar and Aidar's wedding. Azim pours poison in Aidar's cup. Aidar begins a song in honour of his beloved spouse, and collapses before the end of his song.

• Fourth scene

Aidar dies. Jirenshe is first suspected of the poisoning, then Azim is declared guilty of the murder. Azim is punished, but the people is in mourning. The opera ends with Abai leading his people and encouraging him to move forward.^[4]

Music

The music is inspired of traditional folkloric Kazakh songs and melodies, which granted to the opera a wide success, above all due to the arias of Abai « Айттым сәлем Қаламқас » (« I come to greet you, Kalamkas… ») and « Ұзын қайың » (« Birch »). The aria « Қай талқы », in which Abai hopefully sings the future of the people, has become an emblematic musical theme.

Literature

• Abai on the national encyclopedy Almaty, 2004 (ISBN 9965-9389-9-7) (Russian).

References