1930 in science
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The year 1930 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration
- January 15 – The Moon moves into perigee at the same time as the lunar phase reaches its fullest. This is the closest moon distance (at 356,397 km) in recent memory and it will not come closer until 2257.[1]
- February 18 – Pluto is identified by Clyde Tombaugh from photographs taken during January at the Lowell Observatory.
- Bernhard Schmidt invents the Schmidt Camera.[2]
Atmospheric sciences
- January 30 – Pavel Molchanov launches a radiosonde from Pavlovsk in the Soviet Union.
- Sydney Chapman explains the ozone-oxygen cycle, the process by which ozone is continually regenerated in Earth's stratosphere.
Chemistry
History of science
- Soviet Orientalist Vasily Vasilievich Struve, with Boris Turaev, provides solutions to the problems in the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus.[4]
Mathematics
- Vojtěch Jarník first discovers 'Prim's algorithm'.
- Kazimierz Kuratowski characterizes his planar graph theorem.[5]
- Bartel van der Waerden publishes Moderne Algebra.[5]
Medicine
- March 5 – Danish painter Einar Wegener begins to undergo sexual reassignment surgery in Germany and takes the name Lili Elbe.
- November 25 – Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Sheffield Royal Infirmary in England, achieves the first recorded cure (of an eye infection) using penicillin.[6]
- DPT vaccine (against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis) is first used.
Technology
- November 13 – Rotolactor rotating platform milking machine first operates.[7]
Zoology
- Israel Aharoni collects golden hamsters near Aleppo from which all modern domesticated specimens will be bred.[8]
Births
- January 9 – Jacob T. Schwartz (died 2009), American mathematician and professor of computer science at the New York University Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences.
- January 13 – Harold Furth (died 2002), Austrian-born expert in plasma physics and nuclear fusion.
- January 20 – Buzz Aldrin, American astronaut, lunar module pilot on Apollo 11.
- February 23 – Goro Shimura, Japanese mathematician.
- February 28 – Leon Cooper, American physicist and Nobel Prize winner.
- March 15 – Martin Karplus, Austrian-born theoretical chemist and Nobel Prize winner.
- April 9 – Nathaniel Branden (died 2014), Canadian American psychotherapist.
- April 16 – Louis Herman (died 2016), American marine biologist, investigator in animal communication.
- April 20 – Gordon Hamilton Fairley (killed 1975), British oncologist.
- May 9 – Susan Leeman, American neuroendocrinologist.
- May 11 – Edsger W. Dijkstra (died 2002), Dutch computer scientist.
- June 2 – Pete Conrad (died 1999), American astronaut.
- June 22 – Yury Artyukhin (died 1998), Soviet Russian cosmonaut.
- June 28 – William C. Campbell, Irish-born parasitologist and Nobel Prize winner.
- August 5 – Neil Armstrong (died 2012), American astronaut, first person to walk on the Moon.
- August 7 – Joe Farman (died 2013), British geophysicist working for the British Antarctic Survey.
- September 12 – Akira Suzuki, Japanese chemist and Nobel Prize winner.
- October 10 – Yves Chauvin (died 2015), Belgian-born chemist and Nobel Prize winner.
- October 17 – Dr. Robert Atkins (died 2003), American nutritionist.
- November 14 – Ed White (died in training accident 1967), American astronaut.
- December 30 – Tu Youyou, Chinese pharmaceutical chemist and Nobel Prize winner.
Deaths
- January 13 – Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti (born 1864), British-born electrical engineer and inventor.
- January 19 – Frank P. Ramsey (born 1903), English mathematician (jaundice).
- August 6 – Joseph Le Bel (born 1847), French chemist.
- August 15 – Florian Cajori (born 1859), Swiss-born American historian of mathematics.
- August 18 – Gabrielle Howard (born 1876), British plant physiologist.
- October 15 – E. H. "Chinese" Wilson (born 1876), English plant collector.
- September 1 – Peeter Põld (born 1878), Estonian politician and pedagogical scientist.
- November 5 – Christiaan Eijkman (born 1858), Dutch physiologist.
References
- ↑ "Closest Full Moon in 23 Years". Bruce McClure's Astronomy Page. 2008-12-12.
- ↑ "Bernhard Schmidt". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 2008-05-24.
- ↑ Smith, John K. (1985). "The Ten-Year Invention: Neoprene and Du Pont Research, 1930–1939". Technology and Culture. 26: 34–55. JSTOR 3104528.
- ↑ Struve, Vasilij Vasil'evič; Turaev, Boris (1930). "Mathematischer Papyrus des Staatlichen Museums der Schönen Künste in Moskau". Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik; Abteilung A. 1. Berlin: Springer.
- 1 2 Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
- ↑ Wainwright, M.; Swan, H.T. (1986). "C.G. Paine and the earliest surviving clinical records of penicillin therapy". Medical History. 30: 42–56. doi:10.1017/S0025727300045026. PMC 1139580
. PMID 3511336. - ↑ Kane, Joseph (1997). Famous First Facts: A Record of First Happenings, Discoveries, and Inventions in American History (5th ed.). H.W. Wilson Company. p. 5. ISBN 0-8242-0930-3.
- ↑ "Israel Aharoni". Professor Paul's Lives of the Great Naturalists. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011.
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