1905 Bolnai earthquake

1905 Bolnai earthquake
Date July 23, 1905 (1905-07-23)
Origin time 02:46:12 UTC [1]
Magnitude 8.4 MW [2]
Depth 15.0 km
Epicenter 49°22′N 96°37′E / 49.37°N 96.61°E / 49.37; 96.61Coordinates: 49°22′N 96°37′E / 49.37°N 96.61°E / 49.37; 96.61 [1]
Areas affected Mongolia

The 1905 Bolnai earthquake occurred in or near the Asgat Sum of Zavkhan Province in Mongolia on 23 July. The earthquake has been estimated at 8.25[3] to 8.5[1] on the moment magnitude scale.

Background

The Bolnai earthquake is believed to be a strike-slip rupture of a branch of the Bolnai Fault, extending about 300[3] to 375[4] km along the fault, and possibly an additional 80 km of the Teregtiin Fault. The fault displacement during the earthquake was greater than 6 m,[5] and possibly as much as 11 m,[2] and the duration is estimated at about two minutes.[4]

The Bolnai earthquake was preceded by two weeks by the Tsetserleg earthquake, and is considered a part of the same general crustal movement.[2]

Damage

There are few records of the immediate effects of the earthquake due to the remoteness of Outer Mongolia in 1905. However, rockslides were reported in the nearby mountains, and supposedly "two lakes, each of eight acres in size, disappeared".[6]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "M8.3 - western Mongolia". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2015-03-12.
  2. 1 2 3 Pollitz, Fred; Vergnolle, Mathilde; Calais, Eric (25 October 2003). "Fault interaction and stress triggering of twentieth century earthquakes in Mongolia" (pdf). Journal of Geophysical Research. 108 (B10, 2503). doi:10.1029/2002JB002375.
  3. 1 2 Okal, Emile A. (March 1977). "The July 9 and 23, 1905, Mongolian earthquakes: A surface wave investigation". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 34 (2): 326–331. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(77)90018-8.
  4. 1 2 Schlupp, Antoine; Cisternas, Armando (June 2007). "Source history of the 1905 great Mongolian earthquakes (Tsetserleg, Bolnay)". Geophysical Journal International. 169 (3): 1115–1131. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03323.x.
  5. ↑ Ilyin, A.V. (September 1978). "Comment on "The July 9 and 23, 1905, Mongolian earthquakes, a surface-wave investigation" by Emile Okal". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 41 (1): 107–109. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(78)90047-X.
  6. ↑ Gunn, Angus McLeod (2008). Encyclopedia of Disasters: Environmental Catastrophes and Human Tragedies. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 215–216. ISBN 978-0-313-34002-4.
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