1795

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1795 (MDCCXCV) was a common year starting on Thursday (dominical letter D) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday (dominical letter G) of the Julian calendar, the 1795th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 795th year of the 2nd millennium, the 95th year of the 18th century, and the 6th year of the 1790s decade. As of the start of 1795, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• January 14 – The University of North Carolina opens to students at Chapel Hill, becoming the first state university in the United States.
• January 16 – The French occupy Utrecht, Netherlands.
• January 18 – Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam. William V, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, flees the country.
• January 19 – The Batavian Republic is proclaimed in Amsterdam.
• January 20 – French troops enter Amsterdam.
• January 21 – Capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder: The Dutch fleet, frozen in Zuiderzee, is captured by the French 8th Hussars.
• February 7 – The Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed.
• March – English Benedictine monks expelled from Douai are permitted to proceed to England.
• April 5 – Peace of Basel signed between France and Prussia.
• April 7 – Adoption of the metric system in France.^[1]
• April 8 – George, Prince of Wales, marries Caroline of Brunswick.
• April 23 – Former Governor-General of India Warren Hastings is acquitted by the British House of Lords of misconduct.^[2]
• May 1 – Battle of Nuʻuanu: Kamehameha I of the Island of Hawaii defeats the Oahuans, solidifying his control of the major islands of the archipelago and officially founding the Kingdom of Hawaii.
• May–June – The Battle of Richmond Hill is fought in the colony of New South Wales, between the Darug people and British colonial forces.
• June 5–7 – The Copenhagen Fire of 1795, starting in a naval warehouse, destroys 941 houses.
• June 8 – The Dauphin of France, would-be-Louis XVII, dies. Louis XVIII becomes titular King of France (he becomes the actual king on April 6, 1814).
• June 16–17 – French Revolutionary Wars: Cornwallis's Retreat – A British Royal Navy battle squadron commanded by William Cornwallis fends off a numerically superior French Navy fleet off the coast of Brittany.
• June 28 – The French government announces that the heir to the French throne has died of illness (many doubt the statement).
• June 27
  • British forces land off Quiberon to aid the revolt in Brittany.
  • French troops recapture St. Lucia.
  • Mary Robinson writes the poem January, 1795.

July–December

• July 22 – Second Treaty of Basel between the French First Republic and Spain, ending the War of the Pyrenees. Spain cedes its half of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola to France.
• July 25 – Construction of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct in Wales begins.
• August 3 – Signing of the Treaty of Greenville puts an end to the Northwest Indian War.
• August 22 – The Constitution of the Year III is ratified by the National Convention.
• August 25 – British forces capture Trincomalee in Ceylon.^[3]
• August 28 – Third Treaty of Basel between the French First Republic and the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel.
• September 11 – Battle of Krtsanisi: The Persian emperor Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar defeats the forces of Heraclius II of Georgia.
• September 16 – British forces capture Cape Town from the Netherlands.^[3]
• September 21 – Battle of the Diamond: Protestant forces defeat Catholic troops in Loughgall, Ireland, leading to the foundation of the Orange Order.
• September 28 – The Alliance of St Petersburg is formed between Britain, Russia and Austria against France.^[2]
• October 1 – Austrian Netherlands is annexed to the French Republic as the Belgian departments.
• October 2 – British forces capture the Île d'Yeu off the coast of Brittany.^[3]
• October 5 – 13 Vendémiaire: Royalist riots in Paris are crushed by troops under Paul Barras and newly reinstalled artillery officer Napoleon Bonaparte.
• October 24 – The Third Partition of Poland is made, dividing the territory of the Commonwealth of Poland between the Habsburg Monarchy, Prussia and the Russian Empire. On November 25, Stanisław August Poniatowski formally abdicates as last King of Poland.
• October 27 – The United States and Spain sign the Treaty of Madrid, which establishes the boundaries between Spanish colonies and the U.S.
• November 2 – The French Directory takes power. Influence of the Sans-culottes declines.
• December 13 – Wold Newton meteorite: A meteorite falls at Wold Newton, a hamlet in Yorkshire in England. This meteorite fall is subsequently used as a literary premise by science fiction writer Philip José Farmer as the basis for the Wold Newton family.

Undated

Alexander Addison, american Colonial political activist and commentator on the Jay Treaty.

• The United States enters into the Jay Treaty with Great Britain.
• Sweden becomes the first monarchy to recognize the French Republic.
• The Hudson's Bay Company trading post Fort Edmonton is constructed; the city of Edmonton, Alberta, eventually grows from it.
• A large slave rebellion occurs in Curaçao.
• The British Royal Navy makes the use of lemon juice mandatory to prevent scurvy.^[4]
• The harvest fails in Munich.
• Daniel McGinnis discovers the supposed Money Pit on Oak Island, Nova Scotia.

Births

Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge

Frederick William IV of Prussia

• January 6 – Anselme Payen, French chemist (d. 1878)
• January 18 – Anna Pavlovna of Russia, Dutch queen (d. 1865)
• January 26 – Policarpa Salavarrieta, Colombian spy and revolutionary heroine who worked for the Independence of Colombia (d. 1817)
• February 3 – Antonio José de Sucre, Venezuelan revolutionary leader, general and statesman (d. 1830)
• February 8 – Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, German chemist (d. 1867)
• February 18 – George Peabody, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1869)
• February 16 – Sarah Ann Gill, Barbadian national heroine (d. 1866)
• March 12 – William Lyon Mackenzie, Scottish journalist, 1st Mayor of Toronto (d. 1861)
• May 4 – Annestine Beyer, Danish reform pedagogue (d. 1884)
• May 19 – Johns Hopkins, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1873)
• May 23 – Charles Barry, English architect (d. 1860)
• June 11 – Sara Torsslow, Swedish actor (d. 1859)
• June 19 – James Braid, Scottish surgeon, hypnotism pioneer (d. 1860)
• June 21 – José María Pinedo, Argentinian naval commander (d. 1885)
• September 1 – James Gordon Bennett, American newspaper publisher (d. 1872)
• September 6 – Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers, Marshal of France (d. 1878)
• September 16 – Saverio Mercadante, Italian composer (d. 1870)
• September 18 – Kondraty Ryleyev, Russian poet, Decembrist (d. 1826)
• October 13 – James McDowell, American politician (d. 1851)
• October 15 – King Frederick William IV of Prussia (d. 1861)
• October 16 – William Buell Sprague, American clergyman and author (d. 1876)
• October 26 – Nikolaos Mantzaros, Greek composer (d. 1872)
• October 31 – John Keats, English poet (d. 1821)
• November 2 – James K. Polk, 11th President of the United States (d. 1849)
• November 12 – Thaddeus William Harris, American naturalist (d. 1856)
• December 2 – Guillermo (William) Miller, English-born military leader in Peru (d. 1861)
• December 3 – Rowland Hill, English teacher, inventor and social reformer (d. 1879)
• December 4 – Thomas Carlyle, Scottish writer and historian (d. 1881)
• December 10 – Matthias W. Baldwin, American locomotive manufacturer (d. 1866)

Deaths

• January 3 – Josiah Wedgwood, English potter (b. 1730)
• January 21 – Samuel Wallis, English navigator
• January 23 – John Sullivan, American General in the Revolutionary War, a delegate in the Continental Congress (b. 1740)
• January 26 – Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, German composer (b. 1732)
• March 4 – John Collins, American politician (b. 1717)
• March 21 – Giovanni Arduino, Italian geologist (b. 1714)
• April 12 – Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée, Bavarian general (b. 1710)
• May 7 – Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1746)
• May 18 – Robert Rogers (soldier), founder of Rogers' Rangers (b. 1731)
• May 19 – Josiah Bartlett, signer of the American Declaration of Independence (b. 1729)
• June 1 – Pierre-Joseph Desault, French anatomist and surgeon (b. 1744)
• June 8 – King Louis XVII of France (b. 1785)
• July 3
  • Louis-Georges de Bréquigny, French historian (b. 1714)
  • Antonio de Ulloa, Spanish general and governor of Louisiana (b. 1716)
• July 9 – Henry Seymour Conway, British general and statesman (b. 1721)
• July 31 – Grigory Shelikhov, Russian merchant (b. 1747)
• August 4 – Timothy Ruggles, American-born Tory politician (b. 1711)
• August 26 – Alessandro Cagliostro, Italian Freemason (b. 1743)
• August 31 – François-André Danican Philidor, French composer and chess player (b. 1726)
• October 8 – Andrew Kippis, English non-conformist clergyman and biographer (b. 1725)
• October 10 – Francesco Antonio Zaccaria, Italian theologian and historian (b. 1714)
• November 15 – Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo, French painter (b. 1719)
• December 23 – Henry Clinton, British general (b. 1730)
• December 28 – Eugenio Espejo, Ecuadorian scientist (b. 1747)
• Date unknown - Marie Marguerite Bihéron, French anatomist (b. 1719)

References