Ufa
Ufa (English) Уфа (Russian) Өфө (Bashkir) | |
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- City[1] - | |
Views of Ufa | |
Location of the Republic of Bashkortostan in Russia | |
Ufa | |
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City Day | June 12 |
Administrative status (as of March 2011) | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Republic of Bashkortostan[1] |
Administratively subordinated to | city of republic significance of Ufa[1] |
Capital of | Republic of Bashkortostan[2] |
Administrative center of | city of republic significance of Ufa,[1] Ufimsky District[3] |
Municipal status (as of February 2012) | |
Urban okrug | Ufa Urban Okrug[4] |
Administrative center of | Ufa Urban Okrug,[4] Ufimsky Municipal District[4] |
Head[5] | Irek Yalalov[5] |
Representative body | City Council[6] |
Statistics | |
Area | 753.7 km2 (291.0 sq mi)[7] |
Population (2010 Census) | 1,062,319 inhabitants[8] |
- Rank in 2010 | 11th |
Density | 1,409/km2 (3,650/sq mi)[9] |
Time zone | YEKT (UTC+05:00)[10] |
Founded | 1574[11] |
City status since | 1586 |
Postal code(s)[12] | 450000—450999 |
Dialing code(s) | +7 347 |
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Ufa on Wikimedia Commons |
Ufa (Russian: Уфа́, tr. Ufá; IPA: [ʊˈfa]; Bashkir: Өфө, Öfö; IPA: [øˈfø], pronunciation ) is the capital city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, and the industrial, economic, scientific and cultural center of the republic. Ufa is the 11th most populous city of Russia, with a 2015 population of 1,105,667.[13]
History
Early history of the surrounding area of Ufa out in Paleolithic times.[15]
Presumably from the 5th to the 16th century on the site of Ufa there was a medieval city.[16] On the map of Pizzigano brothers (1367)[17] and on the Catalan Atlas (1375)[18] approximately on the Belaya River was designated a town Pascherti (Bashkort),[19] On the Gerardus Mercator's map (1554) also marked the settlement with the Pascherti name. French orientalist Henri Cordier associates the position of Pascherti with the current location of Ufa.[14]
Ibn Khaldun among the largest cities of the Golden Horde called the town Bashkort.[20]
Russian historian of the 18th century Peter Rychkov wrote that on the territory of Ufa before the arrival of the Russians there was a great city.[21]
The official of the Orenburg Governorate government Vasily Rebelensky wrote that Ufa was founded by the Bashkirs.[22]
By order of Ivan the Terrible on the site of modern Ufa was built a fortress in 1574,[23] and originally bore the name of the hill it stood on, Tura-Tau.[24]
Before becoming the seat of a separate Ufa Governorate in 1781, the city, along with the rest of the Bashkir lands, was under the jurisdiction of the Orenburg governors. And even though the 1796 reform reunited Orenburg and Ufa again, in 1802 the city of Ufa became a new center of the entire Orenburg Governorate that included large territories of modern-day Republic of Bashkortostan, Orenburg Oblast, and Chelyabinsk Oblast. During the 1800-1810s, Scottish Russian architect William Heste developed a general city plan for Ufa as a regional capital shaping the modern outline of its historical center.
The Belaya River Waterway (1870) and the Samara-Zlatoust Railroad (1890) connected the city to the European part of the Russian Empire and stimulated development of the city's light industry. As a result, in 1913 the population of Ufa grew to 100,000.
During World War II, following eastward Soviet retreat in 1941, a number of industrial enterprises of the western parts of the Soviet Union were evacuated to Ufa. The city also became the wartime seat of the Soviet Ukrainian government.
During 9—10 July 2015 Ufa hosted summits of the BRICS group and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.[25]
Administrative and municipal status
Ufa is the capital of the republic and, within the framework of the administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Ufimsky District,[3] even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with twenty-four rural localities, incorporated separately as the city of republic significance of Ufa, an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Ufa is incorporated as Ufa Urban Okrug.[4]
Economy
According to Forbes, in 2013, Ufa was the best city in Russia for business among cities with population over one million.[26]
Many urban enterprises engaged in oil refining, chemistry, mechanical engineering reside in Ufa. Additionally, the economy of Ufa is composed of many fuel, energy and engineering complexes.
Ufa is home to about 200 large and medium industrial enterprises.[27]
Some important enterprises in Ufa include:
- Ufimsky petrochemical Plant (control the Bashneft)
- Novo-Ufimsky refinery plant (control the Bashneft)
- Ufimsky refinery plant (control the Bashneft)
- Bashkir Trolleybus Plant :trolley manufacturer[28]
Transportation
Ufa is linked by railways to the rest of Russia, having a railway station on a historic branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Ufa is the only city connected to Moscow by more than one federal highway. The M7 motorway links the city to Kazan and Moscow and the M5 motorway links Ufa to Moscow and to the Asian part of Russia.
The Ufa International Airport has international flights to the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, as well as domestic flights to many Russian cities and towns, including Moscow.
The Ufa Metro is a planned and oft-delayed subway system, discussed since the late 1980s. On May 30, 1996, there was a ceremony marking the beginning of preparatory construction work, attended by then-President Boris Yeltsin.[29]
Public transportation in Ufa includes trams (since 1937) and trolleybuses (since 1962), as well as bus and marshrutka (routed cabs) lines.
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BTZ-52763 trolleybus
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VDL-NefAZ bus
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71-623 low-entry tram
Demographics
Population of Ufa exceeded one million in 1980.
Year | Population |
---|---|
1886 | 27,000 |
1956 | 265,000 |
1970 | 770,905 |
1989 | 1,082,052 |
2002 | 1,042,437 |
2010 | 1,062,319 |
2015 | 1,105,667[13] |
As of the 2010 Census, the ethnic composition of the Capital of Republic of Bashkortostan was:
Ethnicity | Percentage |
---|---|
Russians | 48.9% |
Tatars | 28.3% |
Bashkirs | 17.1% |
Ukrainian | 1.2% |
others | 4.5% |
Geography and climate
Ufa is situated in eastern Europe near its land boundary with Asia, at the confluence of the Belaya (Agidel) and Ufa Rivers, on low hills forming the Ufa Plateau to the west of the southern Urals. The area of the city is 707.9 square kilometres (273.3 square miles). The length from North to South is 53.5 kilometres (33.2 miles), from West to East is 29.8 kilometres (18.5 miles) (the widest part).[30]
Climate data for Ufa | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) |
9.2 (48.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
30.9 (87.6) |
36.2 (97.2) |
38.3 (100.9) |
38.6 (101.5) |
38.5 (101.3) |
33.4 (92.1) |
26.8 (80.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
5.0 (41) |
38.6 (101.5) |
Average high °C (°F) | −8.2 (17.2) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
0.2 (32.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
17.2 (63) |
8.7 (47.7) |
−1 (30) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
9.0 (48.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −12.4 (9.7) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
5.2 (41.4) |
13.2 (55.8) |
18.1 (64.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
17.2 (63) |
11.3 (52.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
3.8 (38.8) |
Average low °C (°F) | −17 (1) |
−17 (1) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
6.8 (44.2) |
11.8 (53.2) |
13.7 (56.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
6.5 (43.7) |
1.1 (34) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−15 (5) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −48.5 (−55.3) |
−43.5 (−46.3) |
−34.4 (−29.9) |
−29.7 (−21.5) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−25.6 (−14.1) |
−35.1 (−31.2) |
−45 (−49) |
−48.5 (−55.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 48 (1.89) |
39 (1.54) |
32 (1.26) |
33 (1.3) |
46 (1.81) |
66 (2.6) |
55 (2.17) |
58 (2.28) |
51 (2.01) |
58 (2.28) |
52 (2.05) |
51 (2.01) |
589 (23.19) |
Average rainy days | 3 | 3 | 6 | 12 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 11 | 4 | 138 |
Average snowy days | 25 | 21 | 16 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 20 | 24 | 122 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 83 | 80 | 77 | 69 | 61 | 68 | 71 | 74 | 76 | 79 | 83 | 83 | 75 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 59 | 96 | 155 | 216 | 280 | 288 | 289 | 252 | 166 | 82 | 50 | 40 | 1,973 |
Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[31] | |||||||||||||
Source #2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[32] |
Governance
- Local government
The bodies of local self-government of Ufa are:
- Council, a representative body. Formed of 35 deputies for 4 years.
- Chairman of the Board – the head of the urban okrug. Term of 4 years.
- Urban Okrug Administration. The structure of the administration approved by the Council on the proposal of the Head of the Administration.
- Head of the Administration manages the administration on the principles of unity of command. He is appointed under a contract entered into by the results of the competition. The term of office of the Head of the Administration limited to the period of office of the Council of the convocation.[33]
Sports
Club | Sport | Founded | Current League | League Rank | Stadium |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Salavat Yulaev Ufa | Ice Hockey | 1961 | Kontinental Hockey League | 1st | Ufa Arena |
Tolpar Ufa | Ice Hockey | 2009 | Minor Hockey League | Jr. 1st | Ice Palace Salavat Yulaev |
Agidel Ufa | Ice Hockey | 2010 | Women's Ice Hockey Championship | 1st | Ice Palace Salavat Yulaev |
FC Ufa | Football | 2010 | Russian Premier League | 1st | Neftyanik Stadium |
Ural Ufa | Volleyball | 1992 | Volleyball Super League | 1st | Dynamo Sports Palace |
Ufimochka-USPTU | Volleyball | 1970 | Women's Volleyball Super League | 1st | Dynamo Sports Palace |
Education and science
Educational institutions include:
- Bashkir State University
- Ufa State Aviation Technical University
- Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
- Bashkir State Medical University
Graduate universities and Law Schools:
- Ural State Law Academy Ufa's campus
Scientific institutions include:
- Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan[34]
- Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Science (USC RAS)[35]
Religion
The major religions in the city are Russian Orthodox Church and Sunni Islam. The Bezpopovtsy strain of Russian Old Believers is also registered in Ufa.[36]
Ufa is a place of location of The Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Russia. In 1989 was opened Russian Islamic University. In our days one of the largest mosqoues in Europe Ar-Rahim is under construction in Ufa.
Notable people
Famous citizens of Ufa include:
- Sergey Aksakov (1791–1859), writer and literary critic, born and raised in Ufa
- Vera Timanova (1855–1942), pianist, born and grew up in Ufa
- Mikhail Nesterov (1862–1942), painter, one of the main figure of the Symbolist artist movement, born and raised in Ufa
- Feodor Chaliapin (1873-1938), opera singer, spent early years of his career in Ufa
- Valerian Albanov (1882–1919), Arctic explorer, born in Ufa
- Jaroslav Hašek (1883–1923), Czech writer and journalist, lived in Ufa during the Civil War, worked in local newspapers
- Amina Hanum Syrtlanoff (1884-1939?) chairman of the Petrograd Muslim Educational Society.
- Natalya Kovshova (1920–1942), World War II sniper, born in Ufa
- Gabdulkhay Akhatov (1927–1986), linguist, turkologist, Bashkir University professor
- Rudolf Nureyev (1938–1993), ballet dancer, grew up in Ufa
- Boris Kolker (born 1939), linguist, esperantologist, lived in Ufa
- Sergei Dovlatov (1941–1990), writer and journalist, born in Ufa
- Vladimir Spivakov (born 1944), conductor and violinist, born in Ufa
- Vladimir Vinogradov (1955–2008), banker, one of the first Russian billionaires of the post-Soviet era, born in Ufa
- Yuriy Shevchuk (born 1957), rock musician, DDT frontman, grew up and started his career in Ufa
- Elvira Nabiullina (born 1963), Governor of the Bank of Russia and former Minister of Economic Development of Russia, born and grew up in Ufa
- Igor Kravchuk (born 1966), Alexander Semak (born 1966), Andrei Zyuzin (born 1978), Andrei Zubarev (born 1987), ice hockey players
- Andrey Gubin (born 1974), pop singer, born in Ufa
- Zemfira (born 1976), rock musician, born, grew up and made her career in Ufa
- Ildar Abdrazakov (born 1976), Grammy Award-winning bass opera singer, born in Ufa, Ufa Academy of Arts graduate
- Maxim Tchoudov (born 1982), biathlete, grew up in Ufa
- Sophie Milman (born 1983), jazz singer, born in Ufa
- Alexei Vasilevsky (ice hockey) (born 1993), Russian ice hockey defenceman
- Daniil Kvyat (born 1994), Scuderia Toro Rosso[37] Formula 1 driver, born in Ufa
- Dimitry Vassiliev (born 1979), ski jumper, born in Ufa§
International relations
Ufa is twinned with:
- Ankara, Turkey
- Halle, Germany
- Shenyang, China[38]
- Orenburg, Russia
- Paldiski, Estonia
- Astana, Kazakhstan
Gallery
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Congress Hall, 7th BRICS summit was held here
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Example of facadism in Ufa, 19th-century building and a modern extension
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"Seven girls" fountain, opened in 2015. The name comes from an ancient Bashkir epic.
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Aksakov garden, named in honor of the writer Sergey Aksakov
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Museum of ethnology and archeology, construction completed in 1910
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First cathedral mosque, built in 1830
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Memorial of sorrowful mother, dedicated to soldiers from Bashkortostan, who died in local military conflicts
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Bashkir State Opera and Ballet Theatre, built in 1938
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Sofyushkina alley
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"Rodina" cinema theatre, built in 1953
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Gostiny dvor constructed in the 19th century
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Suspension bridge in Salavat Yulaev Garden
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Uralsib spyscraper, opened in 1999
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New year illumination in the Lenina street
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Resolution #391
- ↑ Official website of Ufa. Information about Ufa
- 1 2 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 80 252», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 80 252, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
- 1 2 3 4 Law #162-z
- 1 2 Official website of Ufa. Head of Ufa Urban Okrug Administration (Russian)
- ↑ Новости Совета городского округа город Уфа Республики Башкортостан
- ↑ Сайт "Горобзор"
- ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ↑ "Current local time in Ufa". Time and Date. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
- ↑ History of Ufa
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
- 1 2 Численность населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2015 года. // Проверено 6 августа 2015. Архивировано из первоисточника 6 августа 2015.
- 1 2 «Mercator and Hondius (loth Ed., 1630) and N. Sanson (1650) show Jorman on the south of the Kama R., Pascherti in the position of Ufa, the present head-quarter of the Bashkirs, Sagatin ( = Fachatim of the text) at the head of the Ufa River, Marmorea on the Bielaya south of Ufa». — Cathay and the Way Thither: Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Chʻeng-wen Publishing Company, 1967. Henri Cordier
- ↑ Главархитектура г. Уфы — История г. Уфы
- ↑ Псянчин А. В. Башкортостан на старых картах. Уфа, 2001. С 70, 71, Он же. Mons Et Urbis: Уральские горы и город Уфа в европейской средневековой картографической традиции//Архив Башкортостана, № 1. 2007. С. 17-23.
- ↑ Рудаков В. Г. К вопросу о двух столицах в Золотой Орде и местоположении города Гюлистана // Научное наследие А. П. Смирнова и современные проблемы археологии Волго-Камья. Материалы научной конференции. Труды ГИМ. Вып. 122. — М., 2000. — Рис. 1.
- ↑ Там же; Псянчин А. В. Башкортостан на старых картах. — Уфа, 2001. — С. 71.
- ↑ Мажитов Н.А,, Султанова А. Н. Сунгатов Ф. А. Башкирские города по арабским источникам IX—X вв. // Вестник АН РБ. 2008. Т. 13, № 2. С. 44-—48; Мажитов Н. А., Сунгатов Ф. А., Иванов В. А., Сатаров Т. Р., Султанова А. Н., Иванова Е. В. Городище Уфа II. Материалы раскопок 2006 года. Т. 1. Уфа, 2007. 160 с: ил.
- ↑ Золотая Орда в источниках. T.I. Арабские и персидские сочинения. М., 2003. С 169.
- ↑ Рычков П. И. История Оренбургская (1730—1750 гг.). Оренбург, 1896. С. 68,69.
- ↑ «Краткое описание губернского города Уфы с начала его построения до сего 1806 года». // Что ж касается башкирцев, то видно из многих описаний, как сего народа, так и о жительстве их, кои от различных возмущений, как и междоусобных воин, так и соседних своих народов, строили маленькие укрепления и городки и наконец, соединясь во множестве, распространили свои жилища и укрепления, а для сей причины и город Уфа построен.
- ↑ History of Ufa
- ↑ Beyond Moscow -Ufa. Khristina Narizhnaya, The Moscow Times, Oct. 16 2011
- ↑ Ufa – 2015 SCO BRICS. Official site
- ↑ 30 лучших городов для бизнеса — 2013 // Forbes.ru
- ↑ Ufa – capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan
- ↑ http://www.oaobtz.ru/
- ↑ Yeltsin lays cornerstone of first subway station, accessed June 6, 2013
- ↑ Information about Bashkortostan and Ufa
- ↑ "Weather and Climate – The Climate of Ufa" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved December 8, 2015.
- ↑ "Ufa Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
- ↑ Charter of the Urban Okrug of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ "БАШКОРТОСТАН". Православная Энциклопедия. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ↑ http://www.skysports.com/f1/news/24100/10270127/max-verstappen-and-daniil-kvyats-red-bull-swap-ted-kravitz-qa
- ↑ Ufa Soviet Cafeterias and IKEA Furniture The St. Petersburg Times